Molecular Hydrogen Institute

Dr. William Allen Banks, MD

University of Washington

Dr. William Allen Banks, MD

“In our published study in PLoS One, hydrogen water was remarkable in reversing the various changes induced by controlled cortical impact, an experimental model of traumatic brain injury.”

EDUCATION

1972 Graduated, Bloomfield High School, Bloomfield, MO 1975 B.A., University of Missouri-St. Louis, Magna Cum Laude in Biology 1979 M.D., University of Missouri-Columbia.

TRAINING AND APPOINTMENTS

  • 3/7 – 11/78: Medical School Surgical Research Elective with Drs. James C. Thompson and Phil L. Rayford, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
  • 7/79 – 6/80: Medical Intern (Categorical Program), Tulane Affiliated Hospitals.
  • 7/80 – 12/81: Medical Resident, Tulane Affiliated Hospitals.
  • 1/82 – 12/82: Fellow in Endocrinology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans.
  • 12/82 – 12/85: Research Associate, Veterans Administration Career Development Program, VAMC New Orleans.
  • 1/84 – 6/89: Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine.
  • 7/89 – 6/95: Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine.
  • 7/90 – 6/95: Associate Professor, Neuroscience Training Program Tulane University School of Medicine.
  • 1/86 – 3/98: Staff Physician, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans.
  • 7/95 – 3/98: Professor, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine.
  • 7/95 – 3/98: Professor, Neuroscience Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine.
  • 4/96 – 3/98: Graduate Faculty, Tulane University.
  • 4/98 – 3/2010: Staff Physician, GRECC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis.
  • 4/98 – 6/10: Professor, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine.
  • 5/99-6/10: Professor, Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
  • 4/04-6/10: Graduate Faculty, Saint Louis University
  • 3/10-1/16: Associate Director of Research, GRECC, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
  • 6/10-Present: Professor, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  • 12/10-Present: Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  • 1/16-Present: Associate Chief of Staff Research & Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA

LICENSES AND BOARD CERTIFICATIONS

  • Louisiana Board of Medical Examiners (1979-Present)
  • Missouri Board of Medical Examiners (1998-Present)
  • American Boards of Internal Medicine Certification (1987)
  • Fellow of the American College of Endocrinology (1996)
  • American Boards in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (1997-2007)

(Board eligible in Geriatrics)

AWARDS AND HONORS

  • Magna Cum Laude (B.A.)
  • Honors in Surgical Research Elective (M.D.)
  • VA Career Development Award (1982-5)
  • Musser-Burch Society (Tulane Clinical Honors Society)
  • American Medical Association Physician’s Recognition Award (1990-3; 1996-9)
  • VA Star Award (11/91)
  • 1994 University of Missouri-St. Louis Distinguished Biology Alumni Award (single award annually)
  • Fellow of the International Neuropeptide Society (1994)
  • Fellow of the American College of Endocrinology (1996)
  • 1998 Outstanding Young Physician Award – University of Missouri School of Medicine Medical Alumni Organization
  • Certificate of Appreciation, Osmangazi University, Health Science Institute, EskiÕehir, Turkey (6/98)
  • Visiting Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (2004-present)
  • Milton D. Overholser Memorial Lecturer, U of MO Alumini Assoc Annual Meeting (2004)
  • Masterfoods Keynote Lecturer, Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (2006)
  • The Medical Student Training in Aging Research (MSTAR) Program at University of Washington 2012 Research Mentorship Award 2014 Normal Cousins Award, Psychoneuroimmune Research Society

SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS

  • University of Missouri-St. Louis Biological Society
  • member: 1972-75
  • president: 1973
  • vice president: 1974-75
  • Musser-Burch Society
  • American Academy for the Advancement of Science
  • New York Academy of Sciences
  • Society for Neuroscience
  • Society for Neuroscience-New Orleans Chapter
  • Member: 1983-present
  • President elect: 1990-91
  • President: 1991-92
  • Chair, Finance Committee: 1995-1998
  • International Society for Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • American Peptide Society (Charter Member)
  • International Brain Research Organization
  • International Behavioral Neuroscience Society (Founding Member)
  • International Neuropeptide Society (Charter Member)
  • American College of Endocrinology
  • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
  • Polish Thyroid Club
  • Southern Medical Association
  • Central Society for Clinical Research
  • American Institute of Biological Sciences
  • Gerontological Society of America
  • PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society
  • American Physiological Society
  • International Society for NeuroVirology
  • American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
  • Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior
  • ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE
  • President, University of Missouri-St. Louis Biological Society (1973)
  • Vice President, University of Missouri-St. Louis Biological Society (1974)
  • Veterans Affairs – New Orleans Research and Development Committee
  • Member (7/84-6/88; 7/91-6/94)
  • Chairman (7/88-6/91; 7/94-6/96; 7/97-98 (6 terms))
  • Veterans Affairs – New Orleans Preventive Medicine Program Committee
  • Member (7/90-4/94)
  • VA New Orleans Administrative Investigations (5; Chair of 3)
  • Courtesy in Action Facilitator (DVA-NO) (6/91-6/94)
  • Chair of CIA Phase II Manual Committee (5/93)
  • Geriatrics Task Force (DVA-NO) (6/91)
  • Society for Neuroscience-New Orleans Chapter
  • President: 1991-2 (President-Elect and Past-President active offices)
  • Chair of Finance Committee (7/95-3/98)
  • Veterans Affairs – New Orleans Biosafety Subcommittee
  • Chairman (1/93-7/94; 6/97-3/98)
  • Veterans Affairs – New Orleans Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
  • Member (7/94-6/97)
  • Deans Committee for Neuroscience Strategic Plan (5/95)
  • Local Committee Member for the 2nd International Symposium on VIP, PACAP and Related Peptides, New Orleans, LA, October 4-7, 1995
  • Secretary/Treasurer, VA-NO Medical Staff (1996)
  • Committee for VISN 16 Clinical Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus; Member (Feb-July, 1997)
  • Veterans Affairs – St. Louis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Member (11/98-2009) and Chair (12/98-2009)
  • Veterans Affairs – St. Louis Research and Development Committee Member (4/99-2010)
  • PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society Council, Scientific Affairs Committee
  • PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society Nominating Committee (2004) and Program Sub-committee (2004-5).
  • PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society Local Organizing Committee for the 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting (Seattle, WA)
  • Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center Research Building Space/Core Strategies Task Force (2004-2010)
  • Associate Director Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center – Research,
  • Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
  • Veterans Affairs – Seattle BLR&D/CSR&D/RR&D Scientific Review Subcommitte #1,
  • primary voting member (2010-2011; Ad hoc committee 2012-2015)
  • Board of Directors, Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research (nonprofit), Seattle, WA (2010 – 2016); Vice Chair (2013 – 2016)
  • Chair Search Committee for ACOS R&D VAPSHCS (2011-2014)
  • VHA GRECC Performance Measures Committee (2011-2016)
  • Academic Work in Progress Committee – Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington
  • Search Committee for Faculty, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine (2014 – 2015)
  • International Committee on VIP, PACAP, and Related Peptides (2015-Present)

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARDS

EDUNN ADLYFE IMPEL MHI

GRADUATE STUDENT THESIS AND DISSERTATION COMMITTEES

  • Lawrence Maness (Ph.D., 1996; Tulane)
  • Laura Harrison (Ph.D., 1998; Tulane)
  • Kerra Gergen ( Interim Advisory Committee; Ph.D.; Tulane)
  • Wei-hong Pan (Major Advisor; Ph.D., 1997; Tulane)
  • Scott Plotkin (Major Advisor; M.D. Ph.D., 1997; Tulane)
  • Anna Jelaso (Ph.D., 1998; Tulane)
  • Angela Malin (Interim Advisory Committee; Ph.D.; Tulane)
  • Sheryl Martin-Schild (M.D. Ph.D., Committe member to 1998; Tulane)
  • Madge Suzanne Linn Tinsley (Outside Member for Oral Defense; LSUMC-Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology Ph.D. Candidate, 1998)
  • Tracey Bloodgood (Interim Advisory Committee; Ph.D.; Saint Louis University)
  • Shola Adewale (Ph.D., 2005; Saint Louis University)
  • Natalie Lenard (Outside Member for Research Proposal Defense; LSUMC-Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Ph.D. Candidate, 2001)
  • Meghan Taylor (Ph.D., 2005; Saint Louis University)
  • Kevin Gamber (Ph.D., 2006; Saint Louis University)
  • Laura Jeager (Major Advisor; , 2007, Ph.D.; Saint Louis University)
  • Tulin Otamis (Adjunct Member, Ph.D, 2006; Mamara University, Istanbul)
  • Angela Mohnahan (Rush Medical School; Current Graduate Student)
  • Suman Penugonda (Ph.D., 2007; University of Missouri-Rolla)
  • Suneetha Mare (Ph.D., 2007; University of Missouri-Rolla)
  • Michelle Erickson (Ph.D., 2012; Major Advisor; Saint Louis University)
  • Joshua Carey (Masters Student, University of Missouri-Rolla)
  • Yuhang Jiang (Outside Member, University of North Carolina)
  • Denfong Yuan (Outside Member, University of North Carolina)
  • Thomas (Dong Won) Kim (Outside Examiner, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand)

REVIEWS FOR GRANTING AND FUNDING AGENCIES

  • Alzheimer’s Association
  • American Institute for Biological Sciences (Army Neurotox.)
  • Austrian Science Fund
  • Comitato Telethon Fondazione ONLUS (Italian Granting Agency)
  • CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center (UCLA Dept. of Medicine)
  • Human Frontier Science Program
  • Israel Science institute
  • Italian Ministry for University and Research
  • Medical Research Council of Canada
  • Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel
  • National Institutes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Extramural advisory board (ad hoc member)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse*
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) – Hungary
  • National Science Center – Poland
  • National Science institute
  • Philip Morris External Research Program (via Research Management Group)
  • PPP Healthcare Medical Trust
  • Research institute – Flanders
  • Swiss National Science institute
  • Technology Transfer STW
  • The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
  • University of Missouri Research Board
  • Veteran’s Affairs Merit Review & Bridge Funding Programs
  • Wellcome Trust
  • *Includes site visits and chairing Ad Hoc Committee.

EDITORIAL BOARDS

  • Current Pharmaceutical Design
  • Editor-in-Chief (2002-current)
  • Executive Editor (2001)
  • Guest Editor for Special Issues on BBB in Health and Disease 2001,2004,2008.
  • NeuroImmunoModulation (1995-2008)
  • Peptides: An International Journal (1998-current)
  • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2000-current)
  • Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (2003-current)
  • Drug Design and Reviews – Online (Editorial Advisory Board; 2003-5)
  • Asian Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (2004-current)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (Editorial Advisory Board; 2004-current)
  • Current Diabetes Reviews (2004-current)
  • International Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration (2004-2008)
  • American Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration (2009-current)
  • Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (Associate Editor; 2009-current)
  • Frontiers in Alzheimer’s Disease (2010-current)
  • Fluids and Barriers of the CNS (2010-current)
  • Brain Research Bulletin (2011-current)
  • Endocrinology (2011-2016)
  • Tissue Barriers (2012-current)
  • Experimental Biology and Medicine (Anatomy and Pathology Section; 2014-current)

AD HOC EDITORIAL AND REFEREE REVIEWS

  • Acta Diabetologica
  • Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
  • Africa Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacological Research Age
  • Aging Research Reviews
  • Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  • American Chemical Society Books
  • American Journal of Drug Delivery
  • American Journal of Human Biology
  • American Journal of Respiratory and Cell Molecular Biology
  • American Journal of the Medical Sciences
  • American Journal of Pathology
  • American Journal of Physiology: Endocrine and Metabolism; Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology; Cell Physiology
  • Annals of Medicine
  • Annals of Neurology
  • Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
  • Antiviral Research
  • Archives of Internal Medicine
  • Arthritis & Rheumatism
  • Arthritis Research & Therapy
  • Behavioral Brain Research
  • Biochemical Pharmacology
  • Biological Psychiatry
  • Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
  • Biotechnic & Histochemistry
  • Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
  • Brain Research
  • Brain Research Bulletin
  • Brain Research Reviews
  • British Journal of Nutrition
  • British Journal of Psychology
  • Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (Journal canadien de physiologie et pharmacologie)
  • Cell Biochemistry & Function
  • Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
  • Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
  • Chimica Oggi (Chemistry Today)
  • Chronobiology International
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology
  • Clinical Pharmacokinetics
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Critical Reviews in Immunology
  • Current Aging Science
  • Current Alzheimer Research
  • Current Diabetes Reviews
  • Current Medicinal Chemistry
  • Developmental Brain Research
  • Diabetes
  • Diabetes Management
  • Diabetologia
  • Drug Design Reviews – Online
  • Drug Metabolism and Disposition
  • Endocrinology
  • Endocrine (formerly Endocrine Journal)
  • Endocrine Practice
  • European Journal of Neuroscience
  • European Neuropsychopharmacology
  • Experimental Brain Research
  • Experimental Neurology
  • Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology
  • Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
  • FASEB Journal
  • Federal Practitioner
  • Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
  • Future Medicinal Chemistry
  • Future Neurology
  • Human and Experimental Toxicology
  • Glia
  • Hippocampus
  • Inflammation Research
  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
  • International Journal of Obesity
  • International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research
  • International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
  • International Library of Diabetes & Metabolism
  • Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Journal of Cell Science
  • Journal of Cellular Physiology
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation
  • Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
  • Journal of Controlled Release
  • Journals of Gerontology (Medical Sciences)
  • Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
  • Journal of Immunology
  • Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
  • Journal of Leukocyte Biology
  • Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
  • Journal of Neural Transmission
  • Journal of Neurochemistry
  • Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  • Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
  • Journal of Neuroimmunology
  • Journal of Neuroinflammation
  • Journal of Neurological Sciences
  • Journal of Neuroscience
  • Journal of Neuroscience Methods
  • Journal of Neuroscience Research
  • Journal of Neurovirology
  • Journal of Nuclear Medicine
  • Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
  • Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
  • Journal of Physical Anthropology
  • Journal of Physiology
  • Journal of Sleep Research
  • Journal of Virology
  • Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
  • Journal of the American Medical Association – Neurology
  • Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
  • Life Sciences
  • Medical Science Monitor
  • Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
  • Microvascular Research
  • Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (An International Journal for Chemical Biology in Health and Disease)
  • Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
  • Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology
  • Molecular Interventions
  • Nature Communications
  • Nature Medicine
  • Nature Reviews Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Aging (Experimental and Clinical Research)
  • Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
  • Neurochemical Research
  • Neurochemistry International
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • NeuroImmunoModulation
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Neuropsychopharmacology
  • Neuron
  • Neuropeptides
  • Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
  • Neuroscience Letters
  • Neuroscience Research
  • Neurotoxicology and Teratology
  • New England Journal of Medicine
  • Nutrition
  • Obesity Research
  • Oncotarget
  • Peptides
  • Pharmaceutical Research
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Pharmacological Research
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Physiology and Behavior
  • Physiological Research
  • Plos one
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
  • Proceeding of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
  • Progress in Neurobiology
  • Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Regulatory Peptides
  • Science
  • Science Translational Medicine
  • Scientific Reports
  • Stroke
  • Therapeutic Delivery
  • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
  • Trends in Neurosciences (TINS)
  • Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

GRANT FUNDING

Active

Oxidative Dysfunction of LRP at the Blood-brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease PI: William A. Banks, MD, Agency: NIA; Type: R01; Period: March 2008-Feb 2015 (NCE)*. The long term goal is to determine whether amyloid beta protein inhibits its own clearance from brain by oxidizing LRP-1, its BBB efflux system. $242,000/yr. A $100,000/yr supplement was awarded for years 2 and 3.

Polypeptide Modification for Enhanced Brain Delivery C0-PI: Alexander Kabanov and William A. Banks; Agency: NINDS; Type: R01; Period: April 2010 to March 2015. The long term objective is to find mechanisms that will enhance polypeptide delivery to the brain. $250,000/yr.

Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrases and Diabetic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption, Co-PI: Gul Shah and William A. Banks; Agency: NIDDK; Type: RO1; Period: Feb 2011 to Jan 2015. The long term objective is to determine the role that mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases play in hyperglycemia-related oxidative stress in cerebrovascular pericytes and the eventual deterioration of the blood-brain barrier in diabetes. $250,000/yr.

Sepsis Outcomes and Aging: The Role of Sleep Disruption and the Blood Brain Barrier PI: Mark Opp Agency: NIA Type: R01 Period: 9/30/2012 – 8/31/2017. The purpose of this grant is to examine the relationship between fragmented sleep, infection, neuroinflammation and the physiology of blood brain barrier transport mechanisms.Dr. Banks: subcontract studies on the BBB transport

PC100310 (Mostaghel, PI) 07/01/2013-06/30/2014 0.6 calendar Dept. of Defense $30,000 Steroid Transport Proteins in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer The goal of this project is to define the expression and role of steroid transport proteins in CRPC using both in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models Banks: subcontract studies for tissue uptake of steroids.

Intranasal Insulin in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease PI: William A Banks, MD, Agency: NIA/NINDS; Period: July 2014-June 2019. The long term goal is to determine the mechanism by which intranasal insulin improves cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. $450,000/year.

Past Funding in Last 8 years

Control of Drug Delivery to the CNS: Modulating P-glycoprotein Activity PI: William A. Banks, M.D; Agency: Veterans Affairs; Type: Merit Review Period: 2009-2013. The long term objective is to determine the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation affects Pgp expression and activity at the blood-brain barrier.

Insulin Resistance and Impaired Cardiovascular Regulation During Pregnancy PI: Virginia L. Brooks, Ph.D. Agency: NIH; Type: R01; Period: June 2008-May 2013. The long term goal is to determine the mechanisms by which insulin resistance contributes to hypertension in pregnancy. Subcontract: $8,200/year.

Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease PI: William A. Banks. Agency: Adlyfe; Type: Industry, Period: Feb 2009-Feb 2011. The goal is to determine the ability of an imaging agent directed at amyloid beta protein to cross the bloodbrain barrier. $20,000.

Polypeptide Modification for Enhanced Brain Delivery PI: Alexander Kabanov. Agency: NINDS; Type: R01; Period: Feb 2006 to Jan 2009; NCE to Jan 2010. The long term objective is to find mechanisms that will enhance polypeptide delivery to the brain. Dr. Banks is consortium to the grant. Consortium costs: $125,000/yr (competitive renewal first submission received score at Feb 09 study section of 148 and and 20.5%)

Prion Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier PI: William A. Banks, M.D. Agency: NINDS; Type: R01; Period: August 2006-Jan 2010 with NCE to Jan 2011. The long term goal is to determine how prions enter the brain. $275,000/yr Mechanism of Epinephrine-induced Delivery of Enzyme to the Brain PI: William A. Banks, M.D. & William S. Sly, M.D.; Agency: Shire Pharmaceutical; Type: Industry, Period: October 2008-Sept 2010. The goal is to determine the mechanism by which epinephrine enhances the brain uptake of the enzyme PGUS in a model of lysosomal storage disease. $50,000/yr.

Nasal Delivery of Testosterone, Pregnenolone, and Progesterone PI: William A. Banks, M.D. Agency: Mattern Pharmaceuticals AG, Type: Industry, Period: May 2006-May 2009. The long term goal is to determine whether an intranasal formulation is effective in delivering testosterone to the brain and peripheral tissues. $10,000/yr Delivery of Antisense to Brain PI: William A. Banks, MD. Agency: EDUNN Pharmaceuticals, Type: Industry, Period: August 2007- July 2009. The long term goal is to compare the routes of administration of an antisense for effectiveness of delivery to the brain. $30,000/yr Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Met-Enk in Alcoholism PI: William A. Banks, M.D; Agency: Veterans Affairs; Type: Merit Review Period: 1992-2008. The long term objective is to determine how BBB mechanisms act to regulate Met-Enk levels in the brain with a major focus on isolation of the BBB transporter for Met-Enk. $125,000 Mechanisms of HIV Transport Across the BBB PI: William A. Banks, M.D; Agency: NINDS; Type: R01 (NS41863, years 1-5); Period: Sept 2000 to Sept 2006. The long term objective is to determine the mechanisms by which the virus HIV-1 crosses the BBB. $225,000/yr Amyloid-Induced Cerebroendothelial Degeneration PI: Chung Y. Hsu, M.D. (Washington University); Agency: NINDS: Type: R01 (NS40525, years 1-5); Period: Sept 2000 to Sept 2005. Dr. Banks is a collaborator and has an inter-university consortium agreement. $25,000/yr PTS-1 Regulation of Brain Met-Enk Levels in Alcoholism

PI: William A. Banks, M.D., Agency: NIAAA; Type: R01 (AA12743, years 1-4); Period: June 2001 to Feb 2006. The long -term objective is to determine the role of post-translational mechanisms in addition and relative to PTS-1 in the regulation of brain Met-Enk levels. 13 $200,000/yr

Opiate Addiction and HIV-1 Induced Release of Cytokines PI: William A. Banks, M.D. Agency: NIDA; Type: R21; Period: July 2005 to June 2007. The long term objective is to determine the effects of opiate addiction on the release of cytokines from brain endothelial cells. $275,000 total for both years.

Transport of Sulfamidase across the Blood-Brain Barrier PI: William A. Banks, M.D. and William S. Sly, M.D. Agency: Sanfilippo Syndrome Medical Research institute; Grant Period: Sept 2004-Sept 2005. The long-term goal is to induce the blood-brain barrier to transport sulfamidase. $50,000 per PI. Effect of Megace on Cytokines in Inflammatory Anorexia Model PI: William A Banks, M.D. Par Pharmaceutical. Grant Period June 2005-June 2007. The long term goal is to determine whether megace can improve appetite by suppressing cytokines. $80,000/yr.

MISCELLANEOUS

Judge, University of Missouri’s Graduate Professional Council’s Research and Creative Activities Forum, March 2004. Audio Talk “Ingestive Peptides” for Blood-Brain Barrier Series, Abba J. Kastin, editor, Henry Stewart Talks, London, UK Session Chair and Local Organizing Committee, 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Seattle, WA June 3-6, 2015.

PATENTS

Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier Transporter for Leptin Inventor: William A. Banks, M.D. IPN: WO 01/013935 Inventors: Vijay B. Kumar, John E. Morley, Susan A. Farr, William A. Banks US Patent application entitled “Compositions and Methods for Enhancing Cognitive Function” Priority 11/10/2005, Filed Nov 10, 2006 (SLU 05-028 Pr.) USPTO Serial No. PCT/US06/60782 (Inventors: W.A. Banks, Kumar and Morley) expires Nov. 10, 2026. PCT Patent application entitled “Modulation of Blood Brain Barrier Protein Expression,” Serial No. 60/925,820 Priority: Filed 4/23/07 (Inventors: W.A. Banks, Kumar, and Darling) expires April 23, 2028. Provisional Patent application entitled “Antisense Modulation of Amyloid Beta Protein Expression” Serial No. 60/925,820 Priority: Filed 2/19/08 (Inventors: Darling, Kumar, W.A. Banks, S. Farr, and Morley.) Expires Feb. 19, 2029. Kabanov, A.V., Yi, X., Vinogradov, S., Banks, W. A. Amphiphilic Polymer-Protein Conjugates and Methods of Use Thereof. U.S. Patent Application (12/488,842) filed June 22, 2009

INVITED LECTURES (SELECTED)

1. “Treatment Development Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease” NIMH symposium, Southampton, Bermuda, 1985. 2. “Peptide and Amino Acid Transport Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System” symposium, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, May, 1987. 3. Drug Delivery and Pharmacy Research groups seminar, The UpJohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI, August, 1987. 4. “Disposition and Delivery of Peptide Drugs” International FIP Satellite Symposium, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, September, 1987. 5. Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Departmental Seminar, March, 1988. 6. First European Conference on Biotechnology, Verona, Italy, November, 1988. 7. “Endocrine Causes of Impotence”, Grand Rounds, University Medical Center-Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, December, 1988. 8. Second Galveston International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Endocrinology: Receptors and Post-Receptor Mechanisms (Invited Participant), Galveston, TX, April, 1989. 9. International Symposium on Circulating Regulatory Factors and Neuroendocrine Function (Invited Speaker and Moderator), Smolenice Castle, Czechoslovakia, June, 1989. 10. Clinical Research – Pharmaceutical Products Division Seminar, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, September, 1989. 11. Geriatric Conference – GRECC (Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center), Veterans Administration Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, October, 1989. 12. “Thyroiditis”, Grand Rounds, University Medical Center-Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, Dec. 1989. 13. Pravastatin Regional Investigators’ Roundtable (Invited Participant), Los Angeles, CA, October, 1990. 14. Fourth International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium on Circumventricular Organs; Circumventricular Organs and Brain Fluid Environment: Molecular and Functional 15 Aspects, Leipzig, Germany, March, 1991. 15. R&D Seminar, Pharmacology Department, Smith Kline-Beecham, King of Prussia, PA, October, 1991. 16. King’s College-London, Special Seminar-Physiology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, London, England, January, 1992. 17. 13th Annual Winter Neuropeptide Conference, Invited Speaker and Session Chair, Breckenridge, CO, February, 1992. 18. Epithelial and Blood Brain Barrier Transport Systems Symposium, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, MI, May, 1992. 19. International Symposium on Blood Binding and Drug Transfer, Official Satellite of the XIIth International Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland, September, 1992. 20. International Symposium on Drug Transport to the Brain: Concepts and Strategies, Leiden University, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, October, 1992. 21. “Cytokines and the Brain” Philippe Laudat Conference (INSERM), Le Bischenberg Obernai, France, October, 1992. 22. 14th Annual Winter Neuropeptide Conference, Breckenridge, CO, February, 1993. 23. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier: An International Workshop; Satellite Symposium of the 11th International Biophysics Congress, Speaker and Session Moderator, Szeged, Hungary, July, 1993. 24. Research Seminar, Parke Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, MI, August, 1993. 25. Colloquia Patavina on Aluminium in Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine. Padua, Italy, September, 1993. 26. Research Seminar, Immunex, Seattle, WA, December, 1993. 27. 15th Annual Winter Neuropeptide Conference, Invited Speaker and Session Chair, Breckenridge, CO, February, 1994. 28. 14th European Winter Conference on Brain Research, Invited Speaker and Session Co- Chair, La Plagne, France, March, 1994. 29. 95th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Therapeutics, Molecular 16 Therapeutics session, New Orleans, LA, March, 1994. 30. Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Strategies to Expedite Brain Drug Discovery and Development, International Business Communications, Washington, D.C., May, 1994. 31. American Physiological Society Conference: Physiology of the Activity and Release of Cytokines, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, June, 1994. 32. New Concepts of a Blood-Brain Barrier, King’s College, London, U.K., July, 1994. 33. The Physiological Society, University of Cambridge, U.K., July, 1994. 34. Neuroimmunomodulation: Stress and Immune Function, The Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, NM, October, 1994. 35. Hine’s Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center Research Seminar, Hines, IL, March, 1995. 36. Neurex Research Seminar, Menlo Park, CA, March 1995. 37. XV Corso Avanzato in Chimica Farmaceutica e Seminario Nazionale per Dottorandi “E. Duranti”, Societa Chimica Italiana, Divisione di Chimica Farmaceutica, Urbino, Italy, July 1995. 38. Cytokines as Communication Factors Between the Immune System and the Central Nervous System, Arcachon, France, September 1995. 39. Effective Delivery of Proteins and Peptides, International Business Communications, Coronado, CA, September 1995. 40. 2nd International Symposium on VIP, PACAP, & Related Peptides (Local Organizing Committee & Speaker), New Orleans, LA, October, 1995. 41. Aitken Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, October 1995. 42. XV Congress of the Polish Society of Endocrinology, Posnan, Poland, May 1996. 43. Towards the Cause of Narcolepsy, Tysons Corner, VA, September 1996. 44. Cerebrovascular Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease, East Rutherford, NJ, November, 1996. 45. Research Seminar, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, January, 1997. 17 46. Satellite Broadcast (Clinical Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus), Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, June, 1997. 47. Research Seminar, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, June, 1997. 48. Cytokines and the Brain, A Satellite Symposium to the Society for Neuroscience 27th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, October, 1997. 49. Research Seminar, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, November, 1997. 50. 31st Annual Winter Conference on Brain Research, Snowbird, Utah, January, 1998. 51. Research Seminar, Pennington Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, February, 1998. 52. Research Seminar, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine-Shreveport, LA, February, 1998. 53. Cerebral Vascular Biology Conference 1998: Advances in the Biology of the Cerebral Vasculature and the Blood-Brain Barrier, Speaker and Session Moderator, Gleneden Beach, OR, March, 1998. 54. Conference, Main Speaker, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey, June, 1998. 55. Seventeenth Summer Symposium in Molecular Biology: “Immune – Neuro – Endocrine Interactions: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms”, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, July, 1998. 56. Interdepartmental Immunology Seminar Program, University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign, IL, March, 1999. 57. Summer Neuropeptide Conference, Key West, FL, June, 1999. 58. Combined Annual Meeting of the Midwest Section American Federation for Medical Research, Central Society for Clinical Research, Midwest Society for Pediatric Research, and Midwest Region Society for General Internal Medicine, Chicago, IL, September,1999. 59. 52nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America “New Perspectives on Aging in the Post Genome Era”, Symposium organizer and speaker, San Francisco, CA, November, 1999. 60. Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program Seminar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB, February, 2000. 61. Guest Society Symposium (Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society): “Shared Activities of Hormones and Cytokines”, Immunology 2000, Seattle, WA, May, 2000. 62. President’s Symposium: “Accomplishments in the 20th Century”, Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Wilmington, NC, May, 2000. 63. Research Seminar, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, June, 2000. 64. Research Seminar, Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Geneva, Switzerland, September, 2000. 65. Anorexia During Disease-From Research to Clinical Practice Symposium, Speaker and Session Chair, Ascona, Switzerland, September, 2000. 66. Research Seminar, Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, October, 2000. 67. Brain Nose & Pituitary International Symposium, Session 5: Recent Progress in PACAP Research. Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, December, 2000. 68. Research Seminar, Department of 1st Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, December, 2000. 69. Research Seminar, Department of Pharmacology 1, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan, December, 2000. 70. Research Seminar, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine-Shreveport, LA, March, 2001. 71. 4th International Conference on Cerebral Vascular Biology: The Blood-Brain Barrier. King’s College, Cambridge, UK, April, 2001. 72. International Behavioral Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, Cancun, Mexico, April, 2001. 73. 8th Annual Meeting of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Utrecht, Holland, May, 2001. 74. First International Meeting of Asia Minor Branch of the International Neuropeptide Society, Antalya, Turkey, May, 2001. 75. 61st Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, Symposium: “Central Leptin Resistance: Why, Where, and How”. Philadelphia, PA, June, 2001. 76. Research Seminar, RepliGen Corporation, Needham, MA, Oct, 2001. 77. Research Seminar, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, Jan, 2002. 78. Mechanisms and Therapeutics of Neurological Disease: Impact of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Portland, OR, May, 2002. 79. Barriers of the CNS: Blood-Brain-CSF Barriers, CNS Homeostasis and Drug Delivery to the Brain, Gordon Research Conference, Session Chair, Tilton School, NH, June, 2002. 80. Symposiym: Transport At the Blood Brain Barrier: A Role in EnvironmentalF Disease? NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC Sept, 2002. 81. Cayman V: Peptide Biology Discovery to Therapy, Session Discussion Leader, Providenciale, Turks and Caicos, Oct, 2002. 82. Immunology 2003, American Association of Immunologists 90th Anniversary Annual Meeting. May, 2003. 83. 10th Annual Meeting of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Amelia Island, Florida, June, 2003. 84. 5th International Conference on Cerebrovascular Biology: 2003. Speaker and Panel Discussant. Amarillo, TX, June, 2003. 85. Dietary Fat and Energy Balance: Myths and Facts. Speaker and Session Chair, Ascona, Switzerland, July, 2003. 86. 6th International Symposium on VIP, PACAP and Related Peptides. Speaker and Session Chair, Hakone, Japan, Sept, 2003. 87. Special Lecture, Department of Pharmacobio-dynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan, Sept, 2003. 88. Seminar, Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory and Advanced Science and Technology of Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Sept, 2003. 89. Research Seminar, Department of 1st Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Sept, 2003. 90. Research Seminar, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc, Novato, CA, Oct, 2003. 91. Joint Drug Delivery Neurosciences Seminar series, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB, Dec, 2003. 92. Research Seminar, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO, Feb, 2004. 93. 2004 Conference of the Society for Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Plenary Speaker, Santa Fe, NM, March, 2004. 94. Research Seminar, Department of Biology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, April, 2004. 95. Research Seminar, CNS Division-Alzheimer’s Disease Group, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland, June, 2004. 96. International Behavioral Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, Speaker and Co-Chair, Key West, Florida, June, 2004. 97. Gordon Research Conference: Barriers of the CNS, Session Chair and Speaker, Tilton School, NH, June-July, 2004. 98. 16th International Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, Co-Chair and Speaker, Kyoto, Japan, August, 2004. 99. 1st Annual Meeting of the Showa University International Symposium for Life Sciences: New Frontiers in Neuroscience Research, Tokyo, Japan, August, 2004. 100. Milton D. Overholser Memorial Lecture, 47th Annual Physicians Alumini Weekend, Columbia, MO, Oct, 2004. 101. North American Association for the Study of Obesity 2004 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, Nov. 2004. 102. 57th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Geriatric Society of America, Special Symposium: GRECC Tribute to Marsh Goodwin-Beck: Scientific Breakthroughs, Washington, DC, November 2004. 103. 25th European Winter Conference on Brain Research, Arc 1800, France, March 2005. 104. CNS Delivery Minisymposium, Centocor, Inc., Malvern, PA, April 2005. 105. New York Academy of Sciences Symposium “The Blood Brain Barrier: Getting Drugs into the Brain, New York, New York, April, 2005. 106. 3rd International Academy on Nutrition and Aging, Session Chair and Speaker, St. Louis, MO, May, 2005. 107. 12th Annual Meeting of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Speaker and Co- Chair, Denver, CO, June, 2005. 108. 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC, Denver, CO, June, 2005. 109. VIth Conference on Cerebral Vascular Biology and 8th International Symposium on Signal Transduction in the Blood-Brain Barriers, Session Co-Chair, Munster, Germany, June, 2005. 110. 13th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior, Pittsburg, PN, July, 2005. 111. Nasal Drug Delivery: BBB, Regulation, Formulation & Drug Delivery, Sponsored by Pharmaceutical Education Associates, Washington, DC, July, 2005. 112. Peripheral-Central Interactions in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Balance Workshop. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Ascona, Switzerland, August- September, 2005. 113. 7th International Symposium of the CIHR Research Chair in Obesity: The Neurobiology of Obesity, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada, November, 2005. 114. 3rd Annual Meeting of The Global College of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Speaker and Co-chair, Uppsala, Sweden, March, 2006. 115. Research Presentation, Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, March, 2006. 116. Research Presentation, Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China, March, 2006. 117. 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Neurotraumatology, Special Lecture, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan, March, 2006. 118. Research Seminar, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, April, 2006. 119. Neuroendocrinological Regulation of Food Intake Symposium, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Session Chair and Speaker, Kuopio Finland, May 2006. 120. American Diabetes Association’s 66th Scientific Session, Washington, DC, June, 2006. 121. Research Seminar, Department of Biochemistry, TC Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, June, 2006. 122. Research Seminar, Experimental Medical Research Institute and Brain Research Association Joint Lecture, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, June, 2006. 123. Masterfoods Keynote Lecture, Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior Annual Meeting, Naples, Florida, July 2006. 124. Gordon Research Conference, Drug Carriers in Medicine and Biology, Big Sky, MT, August, 2006. 125. Research Seminar, Biogen-Idec, Boston, MA, September, 2006. 126. Research Seminar, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Oct, 2006. 127. Research Seminar, Pharmacology Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, Oct, 2006 128. Research Seminar, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, Oct, 2006. 129. Research Seminar, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, Oct, 2006. 130. Seminars in Neuroscience Series, Dept of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, Nov 2006. 131. Research Seminar for Pharmacology and Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, Nov, 2006. 132. Seminar and Scientific Advisory Panel, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, Nov. 2006. 133. 40th Annual Winter Conference on Brain Research, Snowmass, Co, Jan-Feb, 2007. 134. Drug Discovery, Development & Delivery for Neurodegeneration Diseases: A Course for Academnic & Industry Scientists, Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery institute and Institute for the Study of Aging, New York, NY, Feb 2007. 135. Center for Membrane Sciences symposium, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, Feb 2007. 136. Fourth Annual Meeting of the Global College of Neuroprotection and Neurodegeneration, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, March, 2007. 137. Thirteenth Annual Blood-brain Barrier Consortium Meeting in collaboration with the International Brain Barriers Society. Speaker and Co-chair. Skamania Lodge, Stevenson, WA, March 2007. 138. Clinical Seminar Lecture, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, May 2007. 139. Basic Science Seminar, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, May 2007. 140. Global CNS Drugs Summit, Philadelphia, PA, May 2007. 141. 7th Cerebral Vascular Biology International Conference. Session co-chair. Ottawa, Canada, June, 2007. 142. 4th International Peptide Symposium & 2nd Asia-Pacific International Peptide Symposium. Cairns, Australia, Oct, 2007. 143. 1st International Conference on Drug Design & Discovery. Speaker and co-chair (2 sessions). Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Feb, 2008. 144. Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology 14th Annual Conference. Speaker and co-chair. Charleston, SC, March, 2008. 145. Society for Endocrinology BES 2008. Harrogate, UK, April, 2008. 146. The 7th International Duodecim Symposium: Obesity and the Gut-Brain-Fat Axis. Vanajanlinna, Finland, June, 2008. 147. Gordon Research Conference: Barriers of the CNS-2008, Session Chair and Speaker, Tilton School, NH, June-July, 2008. 148. Research Talk, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Nov, 2008. 149. Research Talk, GRECC-VA, Seattle, WA, Nov, 2008. 150. Research Talk, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, Dec 2008. 151. Neurology/Psychiatry Grand Rounds, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, Dec, 2008. 152. Research Talk, Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Jan, 2009. 153. 2009 Drug Discovery for Neurodegeneration Conference. Washington, DC, Feb 2009. 154. Second Joint Congress of the Global College of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration (6th Congress) and the Society for the Study of Neuroprotection and Neuroplasticity (5th Congress). Speaker and Session Co-Chair. Vienna, Austria, March 2009. 155. NIDDK Brain & Obesity Intramural Lecture Series. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, May 2009. 156. Research Talk, Pfizer, Global Research and Development. St. Louis, MO , May 2009. 157. Cerebrovascular Biology 2009. Speaker, Session Co-chair, International Organizing Committee, and International Scientific Program Committee. Sendai, Japan, June-July, 2009. 158. Invited Speaker to the Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Washington, DC, August, 2009. 159. Research Talk, Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA, Sept, 2009. 160. Keynote Address, COBRE Nebraska Center for Nanomedicine Retreat and Review, Nebraska City, NE, Sept, 2009. 161. 9th International Symposium on VIP, PACAP and Related Peptides. Scientific Advisory Committee, Session Co-chair, and Akira Arimura Memorial Symposium Lecturer. Kagoshima, Japan, Oct, 2009. 162. Research Seminar, Department of Pharmacology 1, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan, Oct, 2009. 163. Research Seminar, Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan, Oct, 2009. 164. Research Seminar, Department of 1st Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Oct, 2009. 165. Scientific Lecture, 52nd Annual Physicians Alumini Weekend, Columbia, MO, Oct, 2009. 166. Presentation to NIH-Rapid Access to Interventional Development (NIH-RAID) Program. Bethesda, MD, Jan 2010. 167. 11th Annual Mary Murphy, BVM Endowed Lecture in Biology, Clarke College, Dubuque, IA, March 2010. 168. The Intestinal Wall: THE Regulatory Interface in Energy Metabolism. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Ascona, Switzerland, June, 2010. 169. The Third Cellular Delivery of Therapeutic Macromolecules International Symposium. Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, June, 2010. 170. Scientific Symposium, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, Oct, 2010. 171. Cayman IX: Peptides in Health and Disease, Christ Church, Barbados, Oct 2010. 172. Scientific Lecture, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, Oregon, January, 2011. 173. NIH Workshop, Toward a Clinical Definition of Leptin Resistance, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD, February, 2011. 174. 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Neurochemistry, St. Louis, MO, March, 2011. 175. Research Lecture, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Boston, MA, May, 2011. 176. Workshop Drug Delivery and Disposition of Biotherapeutics Across the Blood-brain Barrier, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, San Francisco, CA, May, 2011. 177. The Role of the Blood-brain Barrier in Disease States Symposium, XXVth International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Function & Xth International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET, Barcelona, Spain, May 2011. 178. 9th International Conference on Cerebral Vascular Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands, June 201l. 179. Alzheimer’s Association International Conference 2011, Paris, France. Session organizer, co-chair, and speaker. July 2011. 180. CNS Drug Delivery: From Proof of Concept to Clinical Readiness (Educational Workshop), Controlled Release Society 38th Annual Meeting & Exposition. Workshop co-organizer, session chair, and speaker. July 2011. 181. Research Seminar, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, Oct, 2011. 182. Grand Rounds, Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Nov, 2011; April, 2013. 183. Research Seminar, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Nov, 2011. 184. NIH Intramural Brain & Obesity Lectures, Bethesda, MD, March, 2012. 185. American Society for Nutrition 2012 Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology, San Diego, CA, April, 2012. 186. Presidential Address, American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair, Clearwater, FL, April, 2012. 187. Boston University Symposium on Therapeutics Innovation: The Next Generation of Discovery. Boston, MA, April 2012. 188. Keynote Address, 19th Annual Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Scientific Meeting. San Diego, CA, June 2012. 189. Long-term Effects of GH/IGF-1 Reduction, Clinical and Translational Symposium Session, The Endocrine Society’s 94th Annual Meeting and Expo, Houston, TX, June 2012. 190. Research and Teaching Seminar, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, July 2012. 191. Fifteenth International Symposium on Signal Transduction in the Blood-brain Barriers. Speaker and Session Co-chair. Potsdam, Germany, Sept 2012. 192. 3rd Meeting of the Japan Branch of the International Neuropeptide Society, Kitakyushu, Japan. Speaker and Session Co-chair. Sept 2012. 193. Research Lecture, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, Nov 2012. 194. Special Seminar, Join Hosts of Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, and UC Davis Brain Injury and Neuropathology Group. Davis, CA, Jan 2013. 195. Research Seminar, Pharmacology Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Feb 2013. 196. Brains for Brain Workshop. Frankfurt, Germany. March 2013. 197. CIHR Training Program in Biological Therapeutics Symposium: Enabling Novel Biotherapeutic Modalities: Understanding Physiologic Barriers to CNS and Systemic Delivery of Macromolecules. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, May 2013. 198. XXVth International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism and Function. Co-Chair of Brain Course “Tools for Studying the Blood Bran Barrier and Neurovascular Unit; Speaker and Co-Chair in Symposium “Diseases of the Blood-brain Barrier”. Shanghai, China, May 2013. 199. MedSci 2013. Joint AWCBR/MedSci Plenary Lecture. Queenstown, New Zealand, August 2013. 200. MedSci 2013 Symposium: Mechanisms of Signalling, Across the Blood Brain Barrier. Queenstown, New Zealand, August 2013. 201. Lecture/Round Table Discussion, Centre for Neuroendocrinology. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, August 2013. 202. Faculty Research Seminar, California Northstate University College of Medicine. Elk Grove, CA, Sept, 2013. 203. Department of Pharmacology Seminar, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, October, 2013. 204. Grand Rounds, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, Feb, 2014. 205. Twentieth Annual Blood-brain Barrier Consortium Meeting, Sunriver, OR, March, 2014. 206. 5th International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmaceutical Sciences World Congress, Key Note Speaker; Meet the Experts Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, April, 2014. 207. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Seminar, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, May, 2014. 208. 2014 Norman Cousins Award Memorial Lecture, Psychoneuroimmune Research Society, Philadelphia, PA, May, 2014. 209. The Jim Flood Memorial Alzheimer’s Disease Lecture, Saint Louis University Summer Geriatric Institute, St. Louis, MO, June, 2014. 210. 20th International Symposium on Regulatory Peptides, Scientific Program Committee, Session Chair, Speaker; Kyoto, Japan, Sept, 2014. 211. All Roads Take to the Brain: Neural Control of Energy Homeostasis in Health and Disease Workshop. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Ascona, Switzerland, Sept, 2014. 212. Department of Pharmacology Seminar, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, Oct, 2014. 213. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, Oct, 2014. 214. Seminar, Novartis, Cambridge, MA Nov 2014. 215. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, April, 2015. 216. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, May 2015. 217. Helmholtz Diabetes Center Summer Retreat 2015, Key Note Speaker, Grasgehrenhutte, Obermaiselstein/Allgau, July 2015. 218. 12th International Symposium on VIP, PACAP and Related Peptides. Plenary Lecturer and Session Chair, Cappadocia, Turkey, Sept 2015. 219. Blood-Brain Barrier Conference, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona BioMed Conferences. Speaker, Session Chair and Summary Speaker, Barcelona, Spain, Nov 2015. 220. Biomedicine Course, PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile, Jan 2016. 221. Trans-Agency Blood Brain Interface Workshop 2016, NIH, Keynote Speaker, Bethesda, MD, June 2016.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

NONABSTRACT MANUSCRIPTS

1. Averett, J.E., W.A. Banks, and D.E. Boehme. Negative allelopathic effects of rutin and quercetin on fourteen soil and enteric microbes. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 6: 1-3, 1978. 2. Rayford, P.L., S. Guzman, M. Miyata, W.A. Banks, and J.C. Thompson. Evidence for vagal inhibition of gastrin release. Surg. Forum 30: 380-382, 1979. 3. Guzman, S., J.-A. Chayvialle, W.A. Banks, P.L. Rayford, and J.C. Thompson. Effect of vagal stimulation on pancreatic secretion and on blood levels of gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin. Surgery 86:329-336, 1979. 4. Banks, W.A. Evidence for a cholecystokinin gut-brain axis with modulation by bombesin. Peptides 1: 347-351, 1980. 5. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, N. Marks, and R.D. Olson. Dissociative effects of CNS peptides with some unusual applications of RIA. In: Physiological Peptides and New Trends in Radioimmunology, Ch. A. Bizollon (ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 89-99, 1981. 6. Kastin, A.J., P.F. Castellanos, W.A. Banks, and D.H. Coy. Radioimmunoassay of DSIPlike material in human blood: Possible protein binding. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 15: 969-974, 1981. 7. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and D.H. Coy. Delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the bloodbrain- barrier in dogs: Some correlations with protein binding. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17: 1009-1014, 1982. 8. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, P.F. Castellanos, C. Nissen, and D.H. Coy. Differential penetration of DSIP peptides into rat brain. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17: 1187-1191, 1982. 9. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, J.E. Zadina, and M. Graf. Minireview: Brain peptides: The dangers of constricted nomenclatures. Life Sciences 32: 295-301, 1983. 10. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and D.H. Coy. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) like material is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of the neonatal rat. Life Sciences 33: 1587-1597, 1983. 11. Banks, W.A., and A.J. Kastin. Aluminium increases permeability of the blood-brain barrier to labelled DSIP and beta-endorphin: Possible implications for senile and dialysis dementia. The Lancet ii: 1227-1229, 1983. 30 12. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. CSF-plasma relationships for DSIP and some other neuropeptides. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 19: 1037-1040, 1983. 13. Kastin, A.J., J.E. Zadina, W.A. Banks, and M.V. Graf. Misleading concepts in the field of brain peptides. Peptides 5(S1): 249-253, 1984. 14. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and D.H. Coy. Evidence that [125I]N-Tyr-delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier by a non-competitive mechanism. Brain Res. 301: 201-207, 1984. 15. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, E.G. Biglieri, and A.E. Ruiz. Primary adrenal hyperplasia: A new subset of primary hyperaldosteronism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58: 783-785, 1984. 16. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. A brain-to-blood carrier-mediated transport system for small, N-tyrosinated peptides. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 21: 943-946, 1984. 17. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Aluminum alters the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to some non-peptides. Neuropharmacology 24: 407-412, 1985. 18. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. The aluminum-induced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability to delta-sleep-inducing peptide occurs throughout the brain and is independent of phosphorus and acetylcholinesterase levels. Psychopharmacology 86: 84- 89, 1985. 19. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Peptides and the blood-brain barrier: Lipophilicity as a predictor of permeability. Brain Res. Bull. 15: 287-292, 1985. 20. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and E.A. Michals. Transport of thyroxine across the bloodbrain barrier is directed primarily from brain to blood in the mouse. Life Sciences 37: 2407-2414, 1985. 21. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Aging and the blood-brain barrier: Changes in the carriermediated transport of peptides in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 61: 171-175, 1985. 22. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and J.K. Selznick. Modulation of immunoactive levels of DSIP and blood-brain barrier permeability by lighting and diurnal rhythm. J. Neurosci. Res. 14: 347-355, 1985. 23. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neuropeptides: The case for penetration. Psychoneuroendocrinology 10: 385-399, 1985. 24. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Aging, peptides, and the blood-brain barrier: Implications 31 and speculations. In: Treatment Development Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease, T. Crook, R. Bartus, S. Ferris, and S. Gershon (eds.), Mark Powley Associates, Madison, CT, pp 245-265, 1986. 25. Zadina, J.E., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Central nervous system effects of peptides, 1980-1985: A cross-listing of peptides and their central actions from the first six years of the journal Peptides . Peptides 7: 497-537, 1986. 26. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, D.H. Coy, and E. Angulo. Entry of DSIP peptides into dog CSF: Role of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. Brain Res. Bull. 17: 155-158, 1986. 27. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, A.J. Fischman, D.H. Coy, and S.L. Strauss. Carrier-mediated transport of enkephalins and N-Tyr-MIF-1 across blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 251: E477-E482, 1986. 28. Pretorius, H.T., A.J. Kastin, and W.A. Banks. Binding of Tyr-MIF-1 to isolated brain capillaries. Brain Res. Bull. 17: 829-831, 1986. 29. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Modulation of the carrier-mediated transport of the Tyr- MIF-1 across the blood-brain barrier by essential amino acids. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 239: 668-672, 1986. 30. Kastin, A.J., R.D. Olson, J.E. Zadina, and W.A. Banks. Relationship of clinical to basic research with peptides as illustrated by MSH. In: Neural and Endocrine Peptides and Receptors, T.W. Moody (ed.), Plenum Press, pp 645-652, 1986. 31. Kastin, A.J., R.H. Ehrensing, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. Possible therapeutic implications of the effects of some peptides on the brain. In: Progress in Brain Research, E.R. de Kloet, V.M. Wiegant, and D. de Wied (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 72: 223-234, 1987. 32. Kastin, A.J. and W.A. Banks. Peptides and the blood-brain barrier. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Vol. 1, G. Adelman (ed.), Birkhauser, Inc., Boston. pp 937-938, 1987. 33. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Minireview: Saturable transport of peptides across the blood-brain barrier. Life Sciences 41: 1319-1338, 1987. 34. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and E.A. Michals. Tyr-MIF-1 and met-enkephalin share a saturable blood-brain barrier transport system. Peptides 8: 899-903, 1987. 35. Barrera, C.M., A.J. Kastin, and W.A. Banks. D-[Ala1]-Peptide T-amide is transported from blood to brain by a saturable system. Brain Res. Bull. 19: 629-633, 1987. 32 36. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, A. Horvath, and E.A. Michals. Carrier-mediated transport of vasopressin across the blood-brain barrier of the mouse. J. Neurosci. Res. 18: 326-332, 1987. 37. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and B.J. Nager. Analgesia and the blood-brain barrier transport system for Tyr-MIF-1/enkephalins: Evidence for a dissociation. Neuropharmacology 27: 175-179, 1988. 38. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and M.B. Fasold. Differential effect of aluminum on the bloodbrain barrier transport of peptides, technetium, and albumin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 244: 579-585, 1988. 39. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Commentary: Peptides and the senescent blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol. Aging 9: 48-49, 1988. 40. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Twenty-one hormones fail to inhibit the brain to blood transport system for Tyr-MIF-1 and the enkephalins in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 40: 289-291, 1988. 41. Kastin, A.J., J.E. Zadina, G.A. Olson, and W.A. Banks. Considerations regarding some peptides involved in biorhythms, reproduction, stress, and pineal function. In: Biorhythms and Stress in the Physiopathology of Reproduction, P. Pancheri and L. Zichella (eds.), Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 11-19, 1988. 42. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Review: Interactions between the blood-brain barrier and endogenous peptides: Emerging clinical implications. Am. J. Med. Sci. 295: 459-465, 1988. 43. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, C.M. Barrera, and D.A. Durham. Movement of peptides between the blood and the central nervous system: A brief perspective. In: European Conference on Biotechnology: Scientific, Technical, and Industrial Challenges, Agricenter, Verona, Italy, pp 135-140, 1988. 44. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Peptides and the blood brain barrier: Penetration and modulating influences. In: Peptide and Amino Acid Transport Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System, Lj. Rakic, D.J. Begley, H. Davson, and B.V. Zlokovic (eds.), Stockton/Macmillan Press Ltd., London, pp 21-32, 1988. 45. Banks, W.A., T.L. Trentman, A.J. Kastin, and Z.H. Galina. The general anesthesia induced by various drugs differentially affects analgesia and its variability. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 31: 397-403, 1988. 46. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, M.B. Fasold, C.M. Barrera, and G. Augereau. Studies of the slow bidirectional transport of iron and transferrin across the blood-brain barrier. Brain 33 Res. Bull. 21: 881-885, 1988. 47. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, T.L. Trentman, H.S. Haynes, B.G. Johnson, and Z.H. Galina. Mediation of serotonin-induced analgesia by the 5HT2 receptor in the pentobarbital anesthetized mouse model. Brain Res. Bull. 21: 887-891, 1988. 48. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Inhibition of the brain to blood transport system for enkephalins and Tyr-MIF-1 in mice addicted or genetically predisposed to drinking ethanol. Alcohol 6: 53-57, 1989. 49. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Quantifying carrier-mediated transport of peptides from the brain to the blood. In: Hormone Action, Part K, Neuroendocrine Peptides. P. Michael Conn (ed.), Meth. Enzymol., 168: 652-660, 1989. 50. Banks, W.A. and A. J. Kastin. Effect of neurotransmitters on the system that transports Tyr-MIF-1 and the enkephalins across the blood-brain barrier: A dominant role for serotonin. Psychopharmacology 98: 380-385, 1989. 51. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity: Alterations in membrane function at the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 13: 47-53, 1989. 52. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and D.A. Durham. Bidirectional transport of interleukin-1 alpha across the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. Bull. 23: 433-437, 1989. 53. Barrera, C.M., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Passage of Tyr-MIF-1 from blood to brain. Brain Res. Bull. 23: 439-442, 1989. 54. Banks, W.A. and J.A. Cooper. Hypoxia and hypercarbia of chronic lung disease: Minimal effects on anterior pituitary function. South. Med. J. 83: 290-293, 1990. 55. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. Hormones and messenger peptides in normal brain function. In: Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, K.L. Becker (ed.), J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp 1474-1479 and pp 1609-1610, 1990. 56. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. A decade of changing perceptions about neuropeptides. In: A Decade of Neuropeptides: Past, Present, and Future, G.F. Koob, C.A. Sandman, and F.L. Strand (eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 579: 1-7, 1990. 57. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Editorial Review: Peptide transport systems for opiates across the blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 259: E1-E10, 1990. 58. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Uptake of peptides containing Tyr-Pro by human and mouse erythrocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 40: 607-614, 1990. 34 59. Banks, W.A., A.V. Schally, C.M. Barrera, M.B. Fasold, D.A. Durham, V.J. Csernus, K. Groot, and A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the murine blood-brain barrier to some octapeptide analogs of somatostatin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6762-6766, 1990. 60. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Exchange of peptides between the circulation and the nervous system: Role of the blood-brain barrier. In: Circulating Regulatory Factors and Neuroendocrine Function, J.C. Porter and D. Jezova (eds.), Plenum Press, NY, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 274: 59-69, 1990. 61. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, E.A. Michals, and C.M. Barrera. Stereospecific transport of Tyr-MIF-1 across the blood-brain barrier by peptide transport system-1. Brain Res. Bull. 25: 589-592, 1990. 62. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Leucine modulates peptide transport system-1 across the blood-brain barrier at a stereospecific site within the central nervous system. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 43: 252-254, 1991. 63. Durham, D.A., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Carrier-mediated transport of labeled oxytocin from brain to blood. Neuroendocrinology 53: 447-452, 1991. 64. Banks, W.A. and A. J. Kastin. Regulation of the passage of peptides across the bloodbrain barrier. In: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Volume 3, Peptides, Peptoids, and Proteins, P.D. Garzone, W.A. Colburn, and M. Mokotoff (eds.), Harvey Whitney Books, Cincinnati, OH, pp 147-153, 1991. 65. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Blood to brain transport of interleukin links the immune and central nervous systems. Life Scences. 48: PL117-PL121, 1991. 66. Barrera, C.M., A.J. Kastin, M.B. Fasold, and W.A. Banks. Bidirectional saturable transport of LHRH across the blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 261: E312-318, 1991. 67. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and C.M. Barrera. Delivering peptides to the central nervous system: Dilemmas and strategies. Pharm. Res. 8: 1345-1350, 1991. 68. Kastin, A.J., M.A. Pearson, and W.A. Banks. EEG evidence that morphine and an enkephalin analog cross the blood-brain barrier. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 40: 771- 774, 1991. 69. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, C.M. Barrera, and L.M. Maness. Lack of saturable transport across the blood-brain barrier in either direction for beta-amyloid1-28 (Alzheimer’s disease protein). Brain Res. Bull. 27: 819-823, 1991. 70. Barrera, C.M., A.E. Ruiz, and W.A. Banks. A giant prolactinoma and the effect of 35 chronic bromocriptine therapy on basal and TRH-stimulated serum prolactin levels. Hormone Res. 35: 167-169, 1991. 71. Banks, W.A., L. Ortiz, S.R. Plotkin, and A.J. Kastin. Human interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, murine IL-1 alpha, and murine IL-1 beta are transported from blood to brain in the mouse by a shared saturable mechanism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 259: 988-996, 1991. 72. Barrera, C.M., W.A. Banks, M.B. Fasold, and A.J. Kastin. Effects of various reproductive hormones on the penetration of LHRH across the blood-brain barrier. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 41: 255-257, 1992. 73. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. The interleukins -1 alpha, -1 beta, and -2 do not disrupt the murine blood-brain barrier. Int. J. Immunopharmac. 14: 629-636, 1992. 74. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Human interleukin-1 alpha crosses the blood-testis barriers of the mouse. J. Andrology 13: 254-59, 1992. 75. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Bidirectional passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier. In: Progress in Brain Research, A. Ermisch, R. Landgraf, and H.-J. Rühle (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 91: 139-148, 1992. 76. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Exchange of peptides between the central nervous system and the blood. CHIMICAoggi(CHEMISTRYtoday) 10: 38-40, 1992. 77. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and J.B. Jaspan. Orally administered cyclo(His-Pro) reduces ethanol-induced narcosis in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 43: 939-941, 1992. 78. Zlokovic, B.V, W.A. Banks, H. El Kadi, J Erchegyi, J.B. Mackic, J.G. McComb, and A.J. Kastin. Transport, uptake, and metabolism of blood-borne vasopressin by the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. 590: 213-218, 1992. 79. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, S. Radulovic, F.K. Conley, D.L. Johnson, and A.V. Schally. Selective uptake of the somatostatin analog RC-160 across the blood-brain tumor barrier of mice with KHT sarcomas. Anti-Cancer Drugs 3: 519-523, 1992. 80. Banks, W.A., K.L. Audus, and T.P. Davis. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to peptides: An approach to the development of therapeutically useful analogs. Peptides 13: 1289-1294, 1992. 81. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, V. Akerstrom, and J.B. Jaspan. Radioactively iodinated cyclo(His-Pro) crosses the blood-brain barrier and reverses ethanol-induced narcosis. Am. J. Physiol. 264: E723-E729, 1993. 82. Kastin, A.J., L. Fabre, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. The uptake, content, regulation of 36 plasma concentrations, and binding of Tyr-MIF-1 by the adrenals. Neuroendocrinology 57: 541-549, 1993. 83. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, G.A. Olson, and R.D. Olson. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-testis barrier to LH, FSH, and albumin in younger and older mice. Neuroendocrinology Lett. 15: 177-182, 1993. 84. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and C.A. Ehrensing. The endogenous peptide Tyr-Pro-Trp- Gly-NH2 (Tyr-W-MIF-1) is transported from the brain to the blood by peptide transport system (PTS)-1. J. Neurosci. Res. 35: 690-695, 1993. 85. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. The potential for alcohol to affect the passage of peptide and protein hormones across the blood-brain barrier: A hypothesis for a disturbance in brain-body communication. S. Zakhari (ed.) NIAAA Research Monograph No. 23, Chapter 21, pp 401-411, 1993. 86. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, G. Komaki, and A. Arimura. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) can cross the vascular component of the blood-testis barrier. J. Andrology 14: 170-173, 1993. 87. Gutierrez, E.G., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Murine tumor necrosis factor alpha is transported from blood to brain in the mouse. J. Neuroimmunology 47: 169-176, 1993. 88. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Measurement of transport of cytokines across the bloodbrain barrier. In: Neurobiology of Cytokines, Part A. E.B. De Souza (Ed.), Meth. Neurosci. 16: 67-77, 1993. 89. Harrison, L.M., J.E. Zadina, W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin. Effects of neonatal treatment with Tyr-MIF-1, morphiceptin, and morphine on development, tail-flick, and blood-brain barrier transport. Dev. Brain Res. 75: 207-212, 1993. 90. Broadwell, R.D. and W.A. Banks. A cell biological perspective for the transcytosis of peptides and proteins through the mammalian blood-brain fluid barriers. In: Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Blood-Brain Barrier. W.M. Pardridge (Ed.) Raven Press, New York, pp 165-199, 1993. 91. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, E.G. Gutierrez. Interleukin-1 alpha in blood has direct access to cortical brain cells. Neurosci. Lett. 163: 41-44, 1993. 92. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, G. Komaki, and A. Arimura. Passage of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide1-27 and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide1- 38 across the blood-brain barrier. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 267: 690-696, 1993. 93. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Peptide binding in blood and passage across the blood37 brain barrier. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Blood Binding and Drug Transfer. J.P. Tillement, H. Eckert, E. Albengres, J. Barre, P. Baumann, F. Belpaire, and M. Lemaire (Eds.). Editions Fort et Clair, Paris, pp 223-241, 1993. 94. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Physiological consequences of the passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier. Rev. Neurosci. 4: 365-372, 1993. 95. Maness, L.M., A.J. Kastin, J.T. Weber, W.A. Banks, B.S. Beckman, and J.E. Zadina. The neurotrophins and their receptors: Structure, function, and neuropathology. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 18: 143-159, 1994. 96. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Opposite direction of transport across the blood-brain barrier for Tyr-MIF-1 and MIF-1: Comparison with morphine. Peptides 15: 23-29, 1994. 97. Kastin, A.J., K. Hahn, J. Erchegyi, J.E. Zadina, L. Hackler, M. Palmgren, and W.A. Banks. Differential metabolism of Tyr-MIF-1 and MIF-1 in rat and human plasma. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47: 699-709, 1994. 98. Waguespack, P.J., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Interleukin-2 does not cross the bloodbrain barrier by a saturable transport system. Brain Res. Bull. 34: 103-109, 1994. 99. Banks, W.A. and R.D. Broadwell. Blood to brain and brain to blood passage of native horseradish peroxidase, wheatgerm agglutinin, and albumin: Pharmacokinetic and morphological assessments. J. Neurochem. 62: 2404-2419, 1994. 100. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, K. Hahn, and J.E. Zadina. Extreme stability of Tyr-MIF-1 in CSF. Neurosci. Lett. 174: 26-28, 1994. 101. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Effects of aluminum on blood-brain barrier structure and function. Life Chemistry Reports 11: 141-149, 1994. 102. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, H.M. Sam, V.T. Cao, B. King, L.M. Maness, and A.V. Schally. Saturable efflux of the peptides RC-160 and Tyr-MIF-1 by different parts of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. Bull. 35: 179-182, 1994. 103. Ahmed, B., A.J. Kastin, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. CNS effects of peptides: A crosslisting of peptides and their central actions published in the journal Peptides, 1986-1993. Peptides 15: 1105-1155, 1994. 104. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and C.A. Ehrensing. Blood-borne interleukin-1 alpha is transported across the endothelial blood-spinal cord barrier of mice. J. Physiol. 479.2: 257-264, 1994. 105. Broadwell, R.D., B.J. Baker, W.A. Banks, P. Friden, M. Moran, C. Oliver, and J.C. 38 Villegas. Ferrotransferrin and antibody against the transferrin receptor as potential vehicles for drug delivery across the mammalian blood-brain barrier into the central nervous sytem. In: Providing Pharmacologic Access to the Brain. T.R. Flanagan, D.F. Emerich, and S.R. Winn (Eds.), Meth. Neurosci. 21: 93-117, 1994. 106. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and E.G. Gutierrez. Penetration of interleukin-6 across the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci. Lett. 179: 53-56, 1994. 107. Maness, L.M., W.A. Banks, M.B. Podlisny, D.J. Selkoe, and A.J. Kastin. Passage of human amyloid ß-protein 1-40 across the murine blood-brain barrier. Life Sciences 55:1643-1650, 1994. 108. Harrison, L.M., A.J. Kastin, J.T. Weber, W.A. Banks, D.L. Hurley, and J.E. Zadina. The opiate system in invertebrates. Peptides 15: 1309-1329, 1994. 109. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, R.D. Olson, and J.E. Zadina. Novel concepts from novel peptides. In: Models of Neuropeptide Action, F.L. Strand, B. Beckwith, B. Chronwall, and C.A. Sandman (Eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 739:1-10, 1994. 110. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier: Methods for the study of peptide transport mechanisms (Introduction to Part II). In: Models of Neuropeptide Action, F.L. Strand, B. Beckwith, B. Chronwall, and C.A. Sandman (Eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 739:87-88, 1994. 111. Jaspan, J.B., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Study of passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier: Biological effects of cyclo(His-Pro) after intravenous and oral administration. In: Models of Neuropeptide Action, F.L. Strand, B. Beckwith, B. Chronwall, and C.A. Sandman (Eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 739:101-107, 1994. 112. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Brain-to-blood transport of peptides and the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In: Models of Neuropeptide Action, F.L. Strand, B. Beckwith, B. Chronwall, and C.A. Sandman (Eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 739:108-118, 1994. 113. Kastin, A.J., K. Hahn, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. Delayed degradation of Tyr-MIF-1 in neonatal rat plasma. Peptides 15:1561-1563, 1994. 114. Gutierrez, E.G., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Blood-borne interleukin-1 receptor antagonist crosses the blood-brain barrier. J. Neuroimmunol. 55: 153-160, 1994. 115. Kastin, A.J., L. Fabre, W.A. Banks, L. Hackler, and J.E. Zadina. Increase in plasma Tyr- MIF-1-like immunoreactivity after hypophysectomy is robust and reversible by corticosterone. Neuropeptides 28: 65-71, 1995. 116. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Blood-brain barrier permeability: Pharmacological 39 implications with special emphasis on peptides. In: Pharmacokinetics, 2nd Edition. P.G. Welling and F. Tse (Eds.). Marcel-Dekker, New York, pp 119-138, 1995. 117. Bollinger, J.E., W.A. Banks, D.M. Roundhill. Review: Lipophilic hexadentate gallium, indium and iron complexes of new phenolate-derivatized cyclohexanetriamine ligands as potential in vivo metal transfer reagents. In: Current Trends in Coordination Chemistry, G. Ondrejovic and A. Sirota (Eds). Slovak Technical University Press, Bratislava, pp 361-366, 1995. 118. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and J.B. Jaspan. Regional variation in transport of pancreatic polypeptide across the blood-brain barrier of mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 51: 139- 147, 1995. 119. Kastin, A.J., K. Hahn, J.E. Zadina, W.A. Banks, and L. Hackler. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor-1 (MIF-1) can be formed from Tyr-MIF-1 in brain mitochondria but not in brain homogenate. J. Neurochem. 64: 1855-1859, 1995. 120. Bollinger, J.E., J.T. Mague, W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin, and D.M. Roundhill. Lipophilic hexadentate aluminum complexes of new phenolate-derivatized cyclohexanetriamine ligands and their effect on the peptide transport system (PTS-1). Inorganic Chemistry 34: 2143-2152, 1995. 121. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, B. Ahmed, and J.E. Zadina. Influence of hormones and messenger peptides on normal brain function. In: Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Edition , K.L. Becker (Ed.), J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp 1682-1691, 1995. 122. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to melanocortins. Peptides 16: 1157-1161, 1995. 123. Bollinger, J.E., J.T. Mague, C.J. O’Connor, W.A. Banks, and D.M. Roundhill. Lipophilic hexadentate gallium, indium and iron complexes of new phenolate-derivatized cyclohexanetriamines as potential in vivo metal-transfer reagents. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1: 1677-1688, 1995. 124. Banks, W.A., D.J. Wustrow, W.L. Cody, M.D. Davis, A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to the neurotensin8-13 analog NT1. Brain Research 695:59-63, 1995. 125. Maness, L.M., W.A. Banks, J.E. Zadina, and A.J. Kastin. Selective transport of bloodborne interleukin-1 alpha into the posterior division of the septum of the mouse brain. Brain Research 700:83-88, 1995. 126. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, L.M. Maness, W. Huang, and J.B. Jaspan. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to amylin. Life Sciences 57: 1993-2001, 1995. 40 127. Banks, W.A., S.R. Plotkin, A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to soluble cytokine receptors. NeuroImmunoModulation 2: 161-165, 1995. 128. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and P. Zatta. The blood-brain barrier in aluminium toxicity and Alzheimer’s disease. In: Non-Neuronal Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease P. Zatta and M. Nicolini (eds.). World Scientific, Singapore, pp 1-12, 1995. 129. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and R.D. Broadwell. Passage of cytokines across the bloodbrain barrier. NeuroImmunoModulaton 2: 241-248, 1995. 130. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Peptide transport system-1. In: New Concepts of a Blood- Brain Barrier. J. Greenwood, D. Begley, and M.B. Segal (Eds.), Plenum Press, NY, pp 111-117, 1995. 131. Kastin, A.J., J.E. Zadina, R.D. Olson, W.A. Banks. The history of neuropeptide research: Version 5.a. In: Neuropeptides: Basic and Clinical Advances, J.N. Crawley and S. McLean (eds.), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 780:1-18, 1996. 132. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Reversible association of the cytokines MIP1-alpha and MIP-1ß with the endothelia of the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci. Letts. 205:202-206, 1996. 133. Maness, L.M., W.A. Banks, J.E. Zadina, and A.J. Kastin. Periventricular penetration and disappearance of icv Tyr-MIF-1, DAMGO, tyrosine, and albumin. Peptides 17:247-250, 1996. 134. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, W. Huang, J.B. Jaspan, and L.M. Maness. Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin. Peptides 17: 305-311,1996. 135. Martins, J.M., A.J. Kastin, and W.A. Banks. Unidirectional specific and modulated brain to blood transport of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 63: 338- 348,1996. 136. Bollinger, J.E., W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin, D.M. Roundhill. Iron-59 complexes of lipophilic hexadentate phenolate-derivatized cyclohexanetriamine ligands. (Harry Gray Lecture). Inorganica Chimica Acta. 242: 201-204,1996. 137. Plotkin, S.R., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Comparison of saturable transport and extracellular pathways in the passage of interleukin-1 alpha across the blood-brain barrier. J. Neuroimmunol. 67:41-47,1996. 138. Banks, W.A., S.A. Corrigan, J.A. West, P. P. Wilhoit, and P. Ryder. Psychological profiles as predictors of success in a cardiovascular risk factors life-style intervention 41 program. South. Med. J. 89:971-976, 1996. 139. Cashion, M.F., W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin. Sequestration of centrally administered insulin by the brain: Effects of starvation, aluminum, and TNF alpha. Hormones and Behavior 30: 280-286, 1996. 140. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Minireview: Passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier: Pathophysiological perspectives. Life Sciences 59:1923-1943, 1996. 141. Uchida, D., A. Arimura, A. Somogyvári-Vigh, S. Shioda, and W.A. Banks. Prevention of ischemia-induced death of hippocampal neurons by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide. Brain Research 736: 280-286, 1996. 142. Bollinger, J.E., W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin, M.J. Welch, and D.M. Roundhill. Biodistribution of the lipophilic complexes 59Fe(RsalH2 )3tach (R=H, NO2, and OMe) and 68Ga(NO2salH2 )3tach. Nucl. Med. & Biol. 23:645-652, 1996. 143. Pan, W., W.A. Banks, M.K. Kennedy, E.G. Gutierrez, and A.J. Kastin. Differential permeability of the BBB in acute EAE: Enhanced transport of TNF alpha. Am. J. Physiol. 271: E636-642, 1996. 144. Banks, W.A., L.M. Maness, M.F. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Aluminum-sensitive degradation of amyloid ß-protein1-40 by murine and human intracellular enzymes. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 18:671-677, 1996. 145. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, L.M. Harrison, and J.E. Zadina. Perinatal treatment of rats with opiates affects the development of the blood-brain barrier transport system PTS-1. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 18:711-715,1996. 146. Banks, W.A., D. Uchida, A. Arimura, A. Somogyvári-Vigh, and S. Shioda. Transport of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide across the blood-brain barrier and the prevention of ischemia-induced death of hippocampal neurons. In: VIP, PACAP, and Related Peptides: Second International Symposium, A. Arimura and S. I. Said (Eds.) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 805: 270-279, 1996. 147. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and S.I. Rapoport. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to circulating free fatty acids. In: Handbook of Essential Fatty Acid Biology: Biochemistry,Physiology, and Behavioral Neurobiology, S. Yehuda and D.I. Mostofsky (Eds.) Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 3-14, 1997. 148. Banks, W.A., M.B. Fasold, and A.J. Kastin. Measurement of efflux rates from brain to blood. In: Methods in Molecular Biology: Neuropeptide Protocols, G.B. Irvine and C.H. Williams (Eds.), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 353-360, 1997. 42 149. Shayo, M., R.N. McLay, A.J. Kastin, and W.A. Banks. The putative blood-brain barrier transporter for the ß-amyloid binding protein apolipoprotein J is saturated at physiological levels. Life Sciences 60: PL115-118,1997. 150. Plotkin, S.R., W.A. Banks, P.J. Waguespack, and A.J. Kastin. Ethanol alters brain Metenkephalin in mice by affecting peptide transport system-1 independent of preproenkephalin mRNA. J. Neurosci. Res. 48: 273-280, 1997. 151. Martins, J.M, W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Acute modulation of the active carriermediated brain to blood transport of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Am. J. Physiol. 272:E312-319, 1997. 152. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. The role of the blood-brain barrier transporter PTS-1 in regulating concentrations of methionine enkephalin in blood and brain. Alcohol 14:237- 245,1997. 153. Maness, L.M., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Investigation of blood-brain barrier penetration and central nervous system distribution of peptides and proteins by in vivo autoradiography. S.T.P. Pharma Sciences. 7:12-16,1997. 154. Pan, W., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers to interferons. J. Neuroimmunol. 76:105-111, 1997. 155. Pan, W., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Blood-brain barrier permeability to ebiratide and TNF in acute spinal cord injury. Experimental Neurology 146: 367-373, 1997. 156. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and V. Akerstrom. HIV-1 protein gp120 crosses the bloodbrain barrier: Role of adsorptive endocytosis. Life Sciences 6: PL119-125, 1997. 157. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, L.M. Maness, M.F. Banks, M. Shayo, and R.N. McLay. Interactions of ß-amyloids with the blood-brain barrier. In: Cerebrovascular Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease, J.C. de la Torre and V. Hachinski (Eds.) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 826: 190-199, 1997. 158. Pan.W. J.E. Zadina, R.E. Harlan, J.T. Weber, W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha: a neuromodulator in the CNS. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 21: 603- 613, 1997. 159. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Relative contributions of peripheral and central sources to levels of IL-1 alpha in the cerebral cortex of mice: assessment with species-specific enzyme immunoassays. J. Neuroimmunol. 79: 22-28, 1997. 160. Banks, W.A., J.B. Jaspan, and A.J. Kastin. Selective, physiological transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier: Novel demonstration by species-specific radioimmunoassays. Peptides 18: 1257-1262, 1997. 43 161. Banks, W.A., J.B. Jaspan, W. Huang, and A.J. Kastin. Transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier: Saturability at euglycemic doses of insulin. Peptides 18: 1423-1429, 1997. 162. McLay, R.N., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor crosses the blood-testis barrier in mice. Biology of Reproduction 87: 822-826, 1997. 163. McLay, R.N., M. Kimura, W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor crosses the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. Brain 120: 2083-2091, 1997. 164. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and J.B. Jaspan. Effect of diabetes mellitus on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to insulin. Peptides 10: 1577-1584, 1997. 165. Martins, J.M, W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Transport of CRH from mouse brain directly affects peripheral penetration of ß-endorphin by the spleen. Am J. Physiol. 273: E1083- 1089, 1997. 166. Kastin, A.J., R.D. Olson, J.M. Martins, G.A. Olson, J.E. Zadina, and W.A. Banks. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Possible integration of hormonal and immunological observations. In: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, S. Yehuda and D.I. Mostofsky (Eds), Plenum Pres, New York, pp 161-192, 1997. 167. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and A. Arimura. Effect of spinal cord injury on the permeability of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers to the neurotropin PACAP. Experimental Neurology 151: 116-123, 1998. 168. Pan, W., W.A. Banks, A.J. Kastin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neurotrophins. Brain Research 788: 87-94, 1998. 169. Kastin, A.J., K. Hahn, J.E. Zadina, and W.A. Banks. Regional differences in metabolism of Tyr-MIF-1 and Tyr-W-MIF-1 by rat brain mitochondria. Biochem. Pharmacol. 55: 33- 36, 1998. 170. Plotkin, S.R., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Enkephalin, PPE mRNA, and PTS-1 in alcohol withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice. Alcohol 15: 25-31,1998. 171. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Differential permeability of the blood-brain barrier to two pancreatic peptides: Insulin and amylin. Peptides 19: 883-889, 1998. 172. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and C.A. Ehrensing. Diurnal uptake of circulating interleukin- 1-alpha by brain, spinal cord, testis and muscle. NeuroImmunoModulation 5: 36-41, 1998. 44 173. Banks, W.A., V. Akerstrom, and A.J. Kastin. Adsorptive endocytosis mediates the passage of HIV-1 across the BBB: Evidence for a post-internalization co-receptor. J. Cell Sci. 111: 533-540, 1998. 174. Maness, L.M., A.J. Kastin, and W.A. Banks. Relative contributions of a CVO and the microvascular bed to delivery of blood-borne IL-1 alpha into the brain. Am. J. Physiol. 275:E207-212, 1998. 175. Banks, W.A. and A.J. Kastin. Characterization of lectin-mediated brain uptake of HIV-1 gp120. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:522-529, 1998. 176. Maness, L.M., A.J. Kastin, C.L. Farrell, and W.A. Banks. Fate of leptin after intracerebroventricular injection into the mouse brain. Endocrinology 139:4556-4562, 1998. 177. Ortiz, L.A., Lasky, J., R.F. Hamilton, Jr., A. Holian, G.W. Hoyle, W. Banks, J.J. Peschon, A.R. Brody, G. Lungarella, M. Friedman. Expression of TNF and the necessity of TNF receptors in bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. Exp. Lung Res. 24: 721- 743, 1998. 178. Ortiz, L.A., K. Moroz, J.Y. Liu, G.W. Hoyle, T. Hammond, R.F. Hamilton, A. Holian, W. Banks, A.R. Brody, M. Friedman. Alveloar macrophage apoptosis and TNF-alpha, but not p53, expression correlate with murine response to bleomycin. Am. J. Physiol. 275: L1208-1218, 1998. 179. Pan, W., W.A. Banks, M.B. Fasold, J. Bluth, and A.J. Kastin. Transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor across the blood-brain barrier. Neuropharmacology 37:1553-1561, 1998. 180. Kastin, A.J., W.A. Banks, and W. Pan. Peptides and cytokines cross the blood-brain barrier. (with April 1998 update) In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, George Adelman and Barry H. Smith (Eds.) Elsevier Science BV, New York, NY, pp 1607-1608, 1999. 181. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, J.M. Brennan, K.L. Vallance. Adsorptive endocytosis of HIV- 1gp120 by blood-brain barrier is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide. Experimental Neurology 156: 165-171, 1999. 182. Cashion, M.F., W.A. Banks, K.L. Bost, and A.J. Kastin. Transmission routes of HIV-1 gp120 from brain to lymphoid tissues. Brain Research 822:26-33, 1999. 183. Ortiz, L.A., J. A. Lasky, G. Lungarella, E. Cavarra, P. Martorana, W.A. Banks, J.J. Peschon, A.R. Brody, and M. Friedman. Upregulation of the p75 but not the p55 TNF receptor mRNA during silica and bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. Am. J. Respir. 45 Cell Mol. Biol. 20: 825-833, 1999. 184. Banks, W.A., R.N. McLay, A.J. Kastin, U. Sarmiento, and S. Scully. Passage of leptin across the blood-testis barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 276: E1099-1104, 1999. 185. Banks, W.A., F. Ibrahimi, S.A. Farr, J.F. Flood, and J.E. Morley. Effects of wheatgerm agglutinin and aging on the regional brain uptake of HIV-1gp120. Life Sci. 65: 81-89, 1999. 186. Banks, W.A., A.J. Kastin, and W. Pan. Uptake and degradation of blood-borne insulin by the olfactory bulb. Peptides 20: 373-378, 1999. 187. Pan, Weihong, A.J. Kastin, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Zadina. Effects of peptides: A crosslisting of peptides and their central actions published in the journal Peptides from 1994 through 1998. Peptides 20: 1127-1138,1999. 188. Banks, W.A. Characterization of interleukin 1? binding to mouse brain endothelial cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291: 665-670, 1999. 189. Mizushima,H., W.A. Banks, K. Dohi, S. Shioda, and K. Matsumoto. Effect of cardiac arrest on brain weight and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier to albumin and tumor necrosis factor-?. Life Sciences 65:2127-2134, 1999. 190. Maresh, G.A., A.J. Kastin, T.T. Terry, J.E. Zadina,W.A. Banks. Peptide transport system- 1 (PTS-1) for Tyr-MIF-1 and Met-enkephalin differs from the receptors for either. Brain Research 839: 336-340, 1999. 191. Mizushima,H., W.A. Banks, K. Dohi, S. Shioda, H. Matsumoto, and K. Matsumoto. The effect of cardiac arrest on the permeability of the mouse blood-brain barrier and blood spinal cord barrier to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Peptides 20: 1337-1340, 1999. 192. Banks, W.A., C.R. DiPalma, and C.L. Farrell. Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity. Peptides 20: 1341-1345, 1999. 193. Kastin, A.J., W. Pan, L.M. Lawrence, and W. A. Banks. Peptides crossing the bloodbrain barrier: Some unusual observations. Brain Research 848:96-100, 1999. 194. Banks, W.A. Physiology and pathology of the blood-brain barrier: implications for microbial pathogenesis, drug delivery and neurodegenerative disorders. J. NeuroVirology: 5:538-555, 1999. 195. King, L.M., W.A. Banks, and W.J. George. Differences in cadmium transport to the testis epididymus, and brain in cadmium-sensitive and -resistant murine strains 129/J and 46 A/J. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289: 825-830, 1999. 196. Mizushima, H., W.A. Banks, K. Dohi, Y. Nakamura, K. Matsumoto, and S. Shioda. Functional changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cardiac arrest in mice (Japanese text with English abstract). Neuroimmunological Research 12:200-203, 1999. 197. Taylor, E.M., D.A. Otero, W.A. Banks, J.S. O’Brien. Designing stable, blood-brain barrier-permeable ProsaptideTM peptides for treatment of central nervous system neurodegeneration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 293:403-409, 2000. 198. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Estradiol potentiates acetylcholine and glutamate-mediated post-trial memory processing in the hippocampus. Brain Res. 864: 263-269, 2000. 199. Banks, W.A., C. M. Clever, C. L. Farrell. Partial saturation and regional variation in the blood-to-brain transport of leptin in normal weight mice. Am. J. Physiol. 278: E1158- 1165, 2000. 200. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, M.E. La Scola, J.F. Flood, and J.E. Morley. Permanent and temporary inactivation of the hippocampus impairs T-maze footshock avoidance acquisition and retention. Brain Res. 872: 242-249, 2000. 201. Maness, L.M., W.A. Banks, and A.J. Kastin. Persistence of blood-to-brain transport of leptin in obese leptin-deficient and leptin receptor-deficient mice. Brain Res. 873: 165- 167, 2000. 202. King, L.M., W.A. Banks, and W.J. George. Differential zinc transport into testis and brain of cadmium-sensitive and -resistant murine strains. J. Andrology 21:656-663, 2000 203. Banks, W.A. and J.E. Morley. Endocrine and metabolic changes in human aging. Age 23: 103-115, 2000. 204. Banks, W.A. Protector, prey, or perpetrator: The pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier in NeuroAIDS. Science Online: NeuroAids Vol 3 (issue 3) May 2000, www.sciencemag.org/NAIDS. 205. Taylor, E.M., D.A. Otero, W.A. Banks, and J.S. O’Brien. Retro-inverse Prosaptide peptides retain bioactivity, are stable in vivo, and are blood-brain barrier permeable. J. Pharmacol. Exp.Ther. 295: 190-194, 2000. 206. Plotkin, S.R., W.A. Banks, L.M. Maness, and A.J. Kastin. Differential transport of rat and human interleukin-1apha across the blood-brain barrier and blood-testis barrier in rats. Brain Res. 881:57-61, 2000. 47 207. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to albumin and insulin in the young and aged SAMP8 mouse. J. Gerontology 55A: B601- B606, 2000. 208. Banks, W.A. The aged blood-brain barrier: A substrate for CNS disease. In: The Science of Geriatrics, J.E. Morley, H.J. Armbrecht, R.M. Coe, B. Vellas (Eds.), Serdi Publisher, Springer Publishing Co, New York, NY, pp 521-530, 2000. 209. Kumar, V.B., S.A. Farr, J.F. Flood, V. Kamlesh, M. Franko, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Site-directed antisense oligonucleotide decreases the expression of amyloid precursor protein and reverses deficits in learning and memory in aged SAMP8 mice. Peptides 21:1769-1775, 2000. 210. Moinuddin, A., J.E. Morley, and W.A. Banks. Regional variations in the transport of interleukin-1 alpha across the blood-brain barrier in ICR and aging SAMP8 mice. Neuroimmunomodulation 8:165-170, 2000. 211. Mizushima, H., W. Banks, K. Dohi, Y. Nakamura, K. Matsumoto, and S. Shioda. The effect of cardiac arrest on the permeability of the mouse blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers to PACAP. In: VIP, PACAP, Glucagon, and Related Peptides. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 921: 289-292, 2001. 212. Banks, W.A. Cytokines, CVOs, and the blood-brain barrier. In: Psychoneuroimmunology (3rd edition), Chapter 18. Robert Ader, David Felton, Nicholas Cohen (Eds.) Academic Press, p483-497, 2001. 213. Banks,W.A. Leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier: Implications for the cause and treatment of obesity. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 7:125-133, 2001. 214. Mizushima, H., Y. Nakamura, H. Matsumoto, K. Dohi, K. Matsumoto, S. Shioda, and W.A. Banks. The effect of cardiac arrest on the blood-testis barrier to albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, sucrose, and verapamil in the mouse. J. Andrology 22: 255-260, 2001. 215. Plotkin, S.R., W.A. Banks, C.S. Cohn, and A.J. Kastin. Withdrawal from alcohol in withdrawal seizure-prone mice and -resistant mice: Evidence for enkephalin resistance. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 68: 379-387, 2001. 216. Banks, W.A., E.O. Freed, K.M. Wolf, S.M. Robinson, and V. Kumar. Transport of human immunodeficiency virus type1 pseudoviruses across the blood-brain barrier: Role of envelope proteins and adsorptive endocytosis. J. Virology 75: 4681-4691, 2001. 217. Kastin, A.J., W. Pan, J.E. Zadina, and W.A. Banks . The Endocrine Brain. In: Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Edition , K.L. Becker (Ed.), 48 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp 1611-1615, 2001. 218. Banks, W.A. Enhanced leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier by alpha1- adrenergic agents. Brain Res. 899:209-217, 2001. 219. Banks, W.A. Anorectic effects of circulating cytokines: Role of the vascular blood-brain barrier. Nutrition 17: 434-437, 2001. 220. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, W. Butt, V.B. Kumar, M.W. Franco, and J.E. Morley. Delivery across the blood-brain barrier of antisense directed against amyloid ß: Reversal of learning and memory deficits in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. J. Pharmacol. Exp Therap.297: 1113-1121, 2001. 221. Xaio, H., W.A. Banks, M.L. Niehoff, and J.E. Morley. Effect of LPS on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to insulin. Brain Res. 896: 36-42, 2001. 222. Ortiz, L.A., M. Friedman, J. Peschon, and W.A Banks. Role of LPS and receptor subtypes in the uptake of TNF by murine lung. Life Sciences 69: 791-802, 2001. 223. Banks, W.A., A. Moinuddin, and J.E. Morley. Regional transport of TNF-alpha across the blood-brain barrier in young ICR and young and aged SAMP8 mice. Neurobiology of Aging 22: 671-676, 2001. 224. Banks, W.A., C.L. McMillian, S. Iyengar. Saturable transport of the NK-1 nonpeptide antagonist LY303870 across the blood-brain barrier after intravenous administration. Life Sciences 69:1683-1689, 2001. 225. Banks, W.A., J.E. Phillips-Conroy, C.J. Jolly, and J.E. Morley. Serum leptin levels in wild and captive populations of baboons (Papio): Implications for the ancestral role of leptin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:4315-4320, 2001. 226. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, M.E. La Scola, J.E. Morley. Intravenous human interleukin-1 alpha impairs memory processing in mice: Dependence on blood-brain barrier transport into posterior division of the septum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 299:536-541, 2001. 227. Banks, W.A., B.M. King, K.N. Rossiter, R.D. Olson, G.A. Olson, A.J. Kastin. Obesityinducing lesions of the central nervous system alter leptin uptake by the blood-brain barrier. Life Sciences 69:2765-2773, 2001. 228. Morley, J.E., S.A. Farr, V.B. Kumar, and W.A. Banks. Alzheimer’s disease through the eye of a mouse. Acceptance lecture for the 2001 Gayle A Olson and Richard D. Olson Prize. Peptides 23:589-599, 2002. 229. Hileman, S.M., D.D. Pierroz, H. Masuzaki, C. Bjørbæk, K. el-Haschimi, W.A. Banks, 49 J.S. Flier. Characterization of short isoforms of the leptin receptor in rat cerebral microvessels and of leptin uptake in mouse models of obesity. Endocrinology 143:775 783, 2002. 230. Banks, W.A. and C.P. LeBel. Strategies for the delivery of leptin to the CNS. J. Drug Targeting 10:297-308, 2002. 231. McCarthy, T.J., W.A. Banks, C.L. Farrell, S. Adamu, C.P. Derdyn, A.Z. Snyder, R. Laforest, D.C. Litzinger, D. Martin, C.P. LeBel, and M.J. Welch. Positron emission tomography shows that intrathecal leptin reaches the hypothalamus in baboons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 301:878-883, 2002. 232. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, R.L. Brown, Z.-Y. Chen, and T.E. Cleveland. Transport of an antifungal trypsin inhibitor isolated from corn across the blood-brain barrier. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46:2633-2635, 2002. 233. Permanne, B., C. Adessi, G.P. Saborio, S. Fraga, M.-J. Frossard, J. Van Dorpe, I. Dewachter, W.A. Banks, F. Van Leuven, and C. Soto. Reduction of amyloid load and cerebral damage in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by treatment with a ß-sheet breaker peptide. FASEB J.16:860-862, 2002 & FASEB J. (April 10, 2002) 10.1096/fj.01-0841fje at http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/doi/10.1096/fj.01-0841fje. 234. Banks, W.A., M. Tschöp, S.M. Robinson, and M.L. Heiman. Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 302: 822-827, 2002. 235. Banks, M.R. and W.A. Banks. The effects of animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in an elderly population in long-term care facilities. J. Gerontology 57A: M428-M432, 2002. 236. Jaeger, L.B., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Effect of orexin-A on memory processing. Peptides 23: 1683-1688, 2002. 237. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, M.E. La Scola, and J.E. Morley. Blind mice are not impaired in T-maze footshock avoidance acquisition and retention. Physiol. & Behav. 76:531-8, 2002. 238. Banks,W.A., M. Goulet, J.R. Rushe, M.L Niehoff, R. Boismenu. Differential transport of a secretin analog across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers of the mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 302: 1062-1069, 2002. 239. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, D. Martin, and C.L. Farrell. Leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier of the Koletsky rat is not mediated by a product of the leptin receptor gene. Brain Research 950: 130-136, 2002. 50 240. Didier, N., W.A. Banks, C. Creminon, N. Dereuddre-Bosquet, and A. Mabondzo. HIV-1-induced production of endothelin-1 in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier. NeuroReport, 13: 1179-1183, 2002. 241. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, K. Uezu, E.O. Freed, V.B. Kumar, and J.E. Morley. Mechanisms of HIV-1 type 1-induced cognitive impairment: Evidence for hippocampal cholinergic involvement with overstimulation of the VIPergic system by the viral coat protein core. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.18: 1189-1195, 2002. 242. Miller, G.E., C. A. Stetler, R.M. Carney, K.E. Freedland, and W.A. Banks. Clinical depression and inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease. Am. J. Cardiology 90: 1279-1283, 2002. 243. Nonaka, N., W.A. Banks, H. Mizushima, S. Shioda, J.E. Morley. Regional differences in PACAP transport across the blood-brain barrier: A possible influence of strain, amyloid ß protein, and age. Peptides 23: 2197-2202, 2002. 244. Banks, W.A., B. Terrell, S.A. Farr, S.M. Robinson,. N. Nonaka, and J.E. Morley. Passage of amyloid ß protein antibody across the blood-brain barrier in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Peptides 23: 2223-2226, 2002. 245. Banks, W.A. and M.R. Banks. Putting more heart in the nursing home: What we learned from the dogs. Geriatrics & Aging 6:66, 2003. 246. Farr, S.A., H.F. Poon, D. Dogrukol-Ak, J. Drake, W.A. Banks, E. Eyerman, D.A. Butterfield, J.E. Morley. The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice. J. Neurochem. 84:1173-1183, 2003. 247. Banks, W.A. Is obesity a disease of the blood-brain barrier? Physiological, pathological, and evolutionary considerations. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 9:801-809, 2003. 248. Banks, W.A. and J.E. Morley. Memories are made of this: Recent advances in understanding cognitive impairments and dementia. J. Gerontology 58A: M314-21, 2003. 249. Banks, W.A., J. Altmann, R.M. Sapolsky, J.E. Phillips-Conroy, and J.E. Morley. Serum leptin levels as a marker for a Syndrome X-like condition in wild baboons. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 1234-40, 2003. 250. Dogrukol-Ak,D., W.A. Banks, N. Tuncel, M. Tuncel. Passage of vasoactive intestinal peptide across the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 24: 437-444, 2003. 251. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, K. Uezu, and J.E. Morley. Antibody to ß-amyloid protein increases acetylcholine in the hippocampus of 12 month SAMP8 male mice. Life 51 Sciences 73: 555-562, 2003. 252. Banks, W.A. and C.L. Farrell. Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity is acquired and reversible. Am J. Physiol. 285: E10-E15, 2003. 253. Adessi, C., M.-J. Frossard, C. Boissard, S. Fraga, S. Bieler, T. Ruckle, F. Vilbois, S.M. Robinson, M. Mutter, W.A. Banks, C. Soto. Pharmacological profiles of peptide drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 13908-11, 2003. PMID: 12578830 254. Banks, W.A. Preface to Special Issue “The Blood Brain Barrier in Health and Disease”. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 9:i-ii, 2003. 255. Miller, G.E., K.E. Freedland, R.M. Carney, C. A. Stetler, and W.A. Banks. Pathways linking depression, adiposity, and inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 17: 276-285, 2003. 256. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. Entry of blood-borne cytokines into the central nervous system: Effects on cognitive processes. NeuroImmunoModulation 10: 319-327, 2003. 257. Gaskin, F.S., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, V.B. Kumar, and J.E. Morley. Ghrelin-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide. Peptides 24: 913-918, 2003. 258. During, M.J., L. Cao, D.S. Zuzga, J.S. Francis, H.L. Fitzsimons, X. Jiao, R.J. Bland, M. Klugmann, W.A. Banks, D.J. Ducker, and C.N. Haile. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection. Nature Medicine 9:1173-1179, 2003. PMID: 12925848 259. Nonaka, N., S. Shioda, M.L. Niehoff, and W.A. Banks. Characterization of blood-brain barrier permeability to PYY3-36 in the mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 306: 948-953, 2003. 260. Banks,W.A., S.M. Robinson, S. Verma, and J.E. Morley. Efflux of human and mouse amyloid ß proteins 1-40 and 1-42 from brain: Impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 121:487-492, 2003. 261. Miller, G.E., K.E. Freedland, R.M. Carney, C. A. Stetler, and W.A. Banks. Cynical hostility, depressive symptoms, and the expression of inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease. J. Behavioral Med. 26: 501-515, 2003. 262. Banks, W.A., K.M. Wolf, and M.L. Niehoff. Effects of chronic ethanol on brain and serum level of methionine enkephalin. Peptides 24: 1935-1940, 2003. 52 263. Banks, W.A. Neuroimmune networks and communication pathways: The importance of location. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 18: 120-122, 2004. 264. Banks, W.A. Role of the blood-brain barrier in communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues. In: Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease, H.S. Sharma and J. Westman (Eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 73-81, 2004. 265. Banks, W.A. Mechanisms of antisense transport across the blood-brain barrier. In: Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease, H.S. Sharma and J. Westman (Eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 99-105, 2004. 266. Levin, B.E., A.A. Dunn-Meynell, and W.A. Banks. Obesity-prone rats have normal blood-brain barrier transport but defective central leptin signaling before obesity onset. Am J. Physiol. R143-R150, 2004. 267. Banks, W.A. Commentary: On Insulin Resistance, Affective Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and Hypothesis. J. Gerontology 59A: 184-5, 2004. 268. Morley, J.E., W.A. Banks, V.B. Kumar, and S.A. Farr. The SAMP8 mouse as a model for Alzheimer’s disease: Studies from Saint Louis University. The Senescence- Accelerated Mouse (SAM): An Animal Model of Senescence, Y. Nomura, T. Takeda, and Y. Okuma (Eds.), International Congress Series 1260:23-28, 2004. 269. Banks, W.A. The source of cerebral insulin. European J. of Pharmacol. 490:5-12, 2004. 270. Banks, W.A. Preface to Special Issue “The Blood Brain Barrier in Health and Disease”. Current Pharmaceutical Design 10:i, 2004. 271. Banks, W.A. Are the extracellular pathways a conduit for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain? Current Pharmaceutical Design 10:1365-1370, 2004. (Republished in Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 3: 153-61, 2006). 272. Banks, W.A., M.J. During, and M.L. Niehoff. Brain uptake of glucagon-like peptide-1 antagonist exendin(9-39) after intranasal administration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 309:469-475, 2004. 273. Banks, W.A. The many lives of leptin. Peptides 25:331-338, 2004. 274. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, C. Adessi, C. Soto. Passage of murine scrapie prion protein across the mouse vascular blood-brain barrier. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 318:125- 130, 2004. 275. Banks, W.A., A.B. Coon, S.M. Robinson, A. Moinuddin, J.M. Shultz, R. Nakaoke, J.E. 53 Morley. Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier. Diabetes 53:1253-1260, 2004. PMID 15111494 276. Jaeger, L.B. and W.A. Banks. Antisense therapeutics and the treatment of CNS disease. Frontiers in Bioscience 9:1720-27, 2004. 277. Banks, W.A. and S.A. Farr. Anti-Aging methods and medicines for the memory. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, J.H. Flaherty and J.E. Morley (Guest Eds.) 20(2): 318-328, 2004. 278. Banks, W.A., V.B. Kumar, and J.E. Morley. Influence of ethanol dependence and methionine enkephalin antisense on serum endomorphin-1 and methionine enkephalin levels. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 28: 792-796, 2004. 279. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, and S.S. Zalcman. Permeability of the mouse blood-brain barrier to murine interleukin-2: Predominance of a saturable efflux system. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 18: 434-42, 2004. 280. Poon, H.F., A. Castegna, S.A. Farr, V. Thongboonkerd, B.C. Lynn, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield. Quantitative proteomics analysis of specific protein expression and oxidative modification in aged senescence-accelerated-prone mouse brains. Neuroscience 126:915-926, 2004. 281. Nonaka, N., S.M. Hileman, S. Shioda, T.Q. Vo, and W.A. Banks. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier. Brain Research 1016:58-65, 2004. 282. Urayama, A., J.H. Grubb, W.S. Sly, and W.A. Banks. Developmentally regulated mannose 6-phosphate receptor-mediated transport of a lysosomal enzyme across the blood-brain barrier. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 12658-63, 2004. 283. Poon, H.F., J. Gururaj, Sultana, R., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, V. Calabrese, D.A. Butterfield. Antisense directed at the Aß region of APP decreases oxidative markers in brain of an aged senescence accelerated mouse. Brain Res. 1018: 86-96, 2004. 284. Banks, W.A., S.M. Robinson, K.M. Wolf, J.W. Bess, Jr., and L.O. Arthur. Binding, internalization, and membrane incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 at the blood-brain barrier is differentially regulated. Neuroscience 128:143-153, 2004. 285. Jaeger, L.B. and W.A. Banks. Transport of antisense across the blood-brain barrier. In: Methods in Molecular Medicine, Vol 106: Antisense Therapeutics, 2nd edition, ed. M.I. Phillips, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, p237-251, 2004. 286. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, K. Uezu, F.S. Gaskin and J.E. Morley. DHEAS improves 54 learning and memory in aged SAMP8 mice but not in diabetic mice. Life Sciences 75: 2775-2785, 2004. 287. Banks, W.A., N.L. Jumbe, C.L. Farrell, M.L. Niehoff, and A.C. Heatherington. Passage of erythropoeitic agents across the blood-brain barrier: A comparison of human and murine erythropoetin and the analog darbepoetin alfa. European Journal of Pharmacology 505: 93-101, 2004. 288. Banks, W.A., P.Pagliari, R. Nakaoke, and J.E. Morley. Effects of a behaviorally active antibody on the brain uptake and clearance of amyloid beta proteins. Peptides 26: 287- 294, 2005. 289. Nonaka, N., S. Shioda, W.A. Banks. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the transport of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide across the blood-brain barrier. Experimental Neurology 191:137-144, 2005. 290. Poon, H.F., S.A. Farr, V. Thongboonkerd, B. Lynn, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield. Proteomic analysis of specific proteins in aged SAMP8 mice treated with alpha-lipoic acid: Implications for aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochemistry International 46: 159-168, 2005. 291. Banks, W.A. Blood-brain barrier transport of cytokines: A mechanism for neuropathology. Current Pharmaceutical Design 11:973-984, 2005. 292. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, V.B. Kumar, J.E. Morley. Orexin-A-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide. Peptides 26: 759-765, 2005. 293. Nakaoke, R., J.S. Ryerse, M. Niwa, and W.A. Banks. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transport across the in vitro mouse brain endothelial cell monolayer. Experimental Neurology 193: 101-109, 2005 294. Banks, W.A., S.M. Robinson, A. Nath. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to HIV-1 Tat. Experimental Neurology 193: 218-227, 2005. 295. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier: Its structure and function. In: The Neurology of AIDS 2nd Edition. H.E. Gendelman, I. Grant, I.P. Everall, S.A. Lipton, S. Swindells (eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, p107-113, 2005. 296. Price, T.O, Ercal, N, Nakaoke, R., and W.A. Banks. HIV-1 viral proteins gp120 and Tat induce oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells. Brain Research 1045:57-63, 2005. 297. Nakaoke, R and W.A. Banks. In vitro methods in the study of viral and prion permeability across the blood-brain barrier. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 25:171-180, 2005. 55 298. Batrakova, E.V., S.V. Vinogradov, S.M. Robinson, M.L. Niehoff, W.A. Banks, and A.V. Kabanov. Polypeptide point modifications with fatty acids and amphipilic block Copolymers for enhanced brain delivery. Bioconjugate Chemistry 16:793-802, 2005. 299. Farr, S.A., J.F. Scherrer, W.A. Banks, J.F. Flood, J.E. Morley. Chronic ethanol consumption impairs learning and memory after cessation of ethanol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29:971-982, 2005. 300. Jaeger, L.B., W.A. Banks, J.L. Varga, and A.V. Schally. Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone cross the blood-brain barrier: A potential applicability to treatment of brain tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:12495-12500, 2005. PMID: 16118272 301. Banks, W.A., N. Nonaka, S. Shioda, R. Nakaoke, and J.E. Morley. Leptin, insulin and blood-brain barrier relations in obesity. In: The Metabolic Syndrome at the Beginning of the XX1st Century: A Genetic and Molecular Approach. M.S. Rios, J.F. Caro, R. Carrora, J.A.Gutierrez Fuentes (eds), Elsevier, Madrid, p200-215, 2005. 302. Poon, H.F., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, J.E. Morley, and Butterfield. Proteomic identification of less oxidized brain proteins in aged senescenceaccelerated mice following administration of antisense oligonucleotide directed at the Aß region of amyloid precursor protein. Mol. Brain Res. 138:8-16, 2005. 303. Urayama, A. and W.A. Banks. Effects of stress and nutrition on blood-brain barrier functions. In: Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders. S. Yehuda and D.I. Mostofsky (eds), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, p83-95, 2005. 304. S. Penugonda, S. Mare, G. Goldstein, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. Effects of N acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a novel thiol antioxidant against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cell line PC12. Brain Research 1056: 132-138, 2005. 305. Banks, W.A., V.B. Kumar, M.W. Franko, J.W. Bess, Jr., and L.O. Arthur. Evidence that the species barrier of human immunodeficiency virus-1 does not extend to uptake by the blood-brain barrier: Comparison of mouse and human brain microvessels. Life Sciences 77: 2361-8, 2005. 306. Banks, M.R. and W.A. Banks. The effects of group and individual animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in residents of long-term care facilities. Anthrozoos 18: 396-408, 2005. 307. Banks, W.A. Critical roles of efflux systems in health and disease. In: Efflux Transporters and the Blood-Brain Barrier. E.M. Taylor (ed), Nova Science Publishers, p21-53, 2005. 56 308. Morley, J.E., M.J. Kim, M.T. Haren, R. Kevorkian, and W.A. Banks. Frailty and the aging male. Aging Male 8:135-140, 2005. 309. Lim, W.S. and W.A. Banks. Other Dementias. In: Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine, 4th edition, eds M.S.J. Pathy, A.J. Sinclair, J.E. Morley. John Wiley & Sons, p1111-1133, 2006. 310. Banks, W.A., L.B. Jaeger, A. Urayama, V.B. Kumar, S.M. Hileman, F.S. Gaskin, N.V. Llanza, S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. Preproenkephalin targeted antisenses cross the blood-brain barrier to reduce brain methionine enkephalin levels and increase voluntary ethanol drinking.Peptides 27: 784-796, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.001 311. Spranger, J., S. Verma, I. Gohring, T. Bobbert, J. Seifert, A.L. Sindler, A. Pfeiffer, S.M. Hileman, M. Tschop, and W.A. Banks. Adiponectin does not cross the blood-brain barrier, but modifies cytokine expression of brain endothelial cells. Diabetes 55: 141 -147, 2006. PMID 16380487 312. Diano,S., S.A. Farr, S.C. Benoit, E.C. McNay, I. daSilva, B. Horvath, F.S. Gaskin, N. Nonaka, L.B. Jaeger, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, S. Pinto, R.S. Sherwin, L.Xu, K.A. Yamada, M.W. Sleeman, M.H. Tschop, and T.L. Horvath. Ghrelin controls hippocampal Spine synapse density and memory performance. Nature Neuroscience 9: 381-388, 2006. http://dio:10.1038/nn1656 313. Farr, S.A., W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Effects of leptin on memory processing. Peptides 27:1420-5, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.10.006. 314. Banks, W.A. and W.S. Lim. Insulin and the blood-brain barrier. In: Blood-brain Barriers: From Ontogeny to Artificial Barriers, Volume 1. (Eds. R. Dermietzel, D. Spray, Nedergaard) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. p265-285, 2006. 315. Banks, W.A. Denial vs Dualism: The blood-brain barrier as an interface of the gut-brain axis. (Invited editorial) Endocrinology 147: 2609-2610, 2006. 316. Banks, W.A., N. Nonaka, S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. Chapter 91: Alzheimer’s disease and the microcirculation. In: Encyclopedia of the Microvasculature, D. Shepro (ed), Elsevier Science, pp605-608, 2006. 317. Banks, W.A, S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. The role of the blood-brain barrier in feeding: Leptin. In: Breathing, Feeding, and Neuroprotection. (S. Shioda and I. Homma, Eds). Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp27-37, 2006. 318. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, and J.E. Morley. The effects of high fat diets on the blood-brain 57 barrier transport of leptin: Failure or adaptation? Physiol. & Behav. 88:244-248, 2006. 319. Banks, W.A., N. Ercal, and T.O. Price. The blood-brain barrier in neuroAIDS. Current HIV Research. 4: 259-266, 2006. 320. Banks, WA. Blood-brain barrier in psychoneuroimmunology. Neurological Clinics 24: 413-419, 2006. (G.G. Freund., Ed) Eslevier (Reprinted in Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 29: 223-8, 2009). 321. Banks, W.A. and L. R. Watkins. Mediation of chronic pain: Not by neurons alone. (Invited editorial) Pain 124:1-2, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.03.001. 322. Urayama, A., K. King, F.S. Gaskin, S.A. Farr, and W.A. Banks. Effects of chronic ethanol administration on brain interstitial fluid levels of methionine-enkephalin as measured by microdialysis in vivo. Peptides 27:2201-2206, 2006. http://doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.024 323. Verma, S., R. Nakaoke, S. Dohgu, and W.A. Banks. Release of cytokines by brain endothelial cells: A polarized response to lipopolysaccharide. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 20:449-455, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.005 324. Price, T.O., F. Uras, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. A novel antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide prevents gp120- and Tat-induced oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells. Experimental Neurology 201: 193-202, 2006. 325. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, D. Drago, and P. Zatta. Aluminum complexing enhances amyloid ß protein penetration of blood-brain barrier. Brain Research 1116: 215-21, 2006. PMID: 16942756 326. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier as a regulatory interface in the gut-brain axes. Physiol. Behav. 89: 472-6, 2006. PMID: 16904139 327. Banks, W.A. Toward better time: The period of improving animal models in the quest for the treatment of disease. Critical Care Medicine 34: 2865-6, 2006. PMID: 17053581 328. Rolland, Y.M., H.M. Perry III. P. Patrick, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Leptin and adiponectin levels in middle-aged postmenopausal women: Associations with lifestyle habits, hormones, and inflammatory markers-a cross-sectional study. Metabolism 55: 1630-36, 2006. PMID: 17142136 329. Banks, W.A. Editorial Focus: The Dam Breaks: Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Physiol. 291: H2595-6, 2006. PMID 16877556 330. Banks, W.A. The CNS as a target for peptides and peptide-based drugs. Expert Opinion 58 on Drug Delivery 3: 707-712, 2006. PMID: 17076593 331. Banks, W.A., R. Nakaoke, A. Urayama, and T.Q. Vo. Chapter 203. Ingestive peptides and the blood-brain barrier. In: Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides. (A.J. Kastin and W. Pan, Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp1455-1459, 2006. 332. Banks, W.A. Chapter 206. Diseases mediated by the BBB: From Alzheimer’s disease to obesity. In: Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides. (A.J. Kastin and W. Pan, Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp1475-1479., 2006. 333. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier and energy balance. Obesity 2006 14 (Suppl 5): 234S-237S. PMID: 17021373 334. Penugonda, S., S. Mare, P. Lutz, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. Potentiation of lead-induced cell death in PC12 cells by glutamate: Protection by N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a novel thiol antioxidant. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 216: 197-205, 2006. 335. Rolland,Y.M., H.M. Perry III, P. Patrick, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley. Loss of appendicular muscle and loss of muscle strength in young postmenopausal women. J. Gerontol. Med Sci. 62: 330-335, 2007. PMID: 17389732 336. Quan, N. and W.A. Banks. Brain-Immune Communication Pathways (Named Series: Twenty Years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity). Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 21: 727-35, 2007. PMID: 17604598 337. Rolland, Y.M., M.T. Haren, P. Patrick, W.A. Banks, T. K. Malmstrom, D.K. Miller, J.E. Morley. Adiponectin levels in obese and non-obese middle-aged African-American women. Obesity Res. & Clin. Practice 1:27-37, 2007. 338. Rolland, Y., V. Lauwers-Cances, C. Cristini, H. Grandjean, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, B. Vellas. Disability in obese elderly women: lower lib strength and recreational physical activity. Obesity Res. & Clin. Practice 1: 39-51, 2007. 339. Banks, W.A., S.A. Farr, J.E. Morley, K.M. Wolf, V. Geylis, and M. Steinitz. Antiamyloid beta protein antibody passage across the blood-brain barrier in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: An age-related selective uptake with reversal of learning impairment. Experimental Neurology 206: 248-56, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.05.005; PMID: 17582399 340. Urayama, A., J.H. Grubb, W.A. Banks, and W.S. Sly. Epinephrine enhances lysosomal enzyme delivery across the blood-brain barrier by up-regulation of the mannose 6- phosphate receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 12873-78, 2007. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0705611104; PMID: 17646643 59 341. Haren, M.T., T.K. Malmstrom, W.A. Banks, P. Ping, D.K. Miller, and J.E. Miller. Lower serum DHEAS levels are associated with a higher degree of physical disability and depressive symptoms in middle-aged to older African American women. Maturitas 57: 347-60, 2007. PMID: 17451893 342. Thomas, D.R., K. Marren, W. Banks, and J. Morley. Do objective measurements of physical function in ambulatory nursing home women improve assessment of functional status? J Am Med Dir Assoc 8: 469-76, 2007. 343. Banks, W.A., L. Willoughby, D. Thomas, and J.E. Morley. Insulin resistance syndrome in the elderly: Assessment of functional, biochemical, metabolic, and inflammatory status. Diabetes Care 30:2369-2373, 2007. PMID: 17536070 344. Petursdottir, A.L. S.A. Farr, J.E. Morley, W.A. Banks, and G.V. Skuladottir. Lipid peroxidation in brain during aging in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). Neurobiol of Aging 28: 1170-8, 2007. 345. Mare, M., S. Penugonda, S.M. Robinson, S. Dohgu, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. Copper complexing decreases the ability of amyloid beta peptide to cross the BBB and enter brain parenchyma. Peptides 28: 1424-32, 2007. PMID: 17580097 346. Price, T.O., W.K. Samson, M.L. Niehoff, and W.A. Banks. Permeability of the blood brain barrier to a novel satiety molecule nesfatin-1. Peptides 28: 2372-81, 2007. PMID: 18006117 347. Haren, M.T., W.A. Banks, H.M. Perry III, P. Patrick, T. K. Malmstrom, D.K. Miller, and J.E. Morley. Predictors of serum testosterone and DHEAS in African-American men. International Journal of Andrology 31:50-59, 2008. PMID: 18190426 PMC2717611 348. Banks, W.A. Chapter 4: The blood-brain barrier: Age and gender differences. In: Textbook of Men’s Health and Aging, 2nd edition. B. Lunenfeld, L.J.G. Gooren, A. Morales, J.E. Morley (Eds.), Informa Healthcare Medical Books, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, pp 39-45, 2007. 349. Nakaoke, R., S. Verma, M. Niwa, S. Dohgu, and W.A. Banks. Glucose-regulated bloodbrain barrier transport of insulin: Pericyte-astrocyte-endothelial cell cross talk. International Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration 3:195-200, 2007. 350. Neuwelt, E., N.J. Abbott, L. Abrey, W.A. Banks, B. Blakley, T. Davis, B. Engelhardt, P. Grammas, M. Nedergaard, J. Nutt, W. Pardridge, G.A. Rosenburg, Q. Smith, and L.R. Drewes. Strategies to advance translational research into brain barriers. Lancet Neurology 7: 84-96, 2008. PMID: 18093565 351. Banks, M.R, L.M. Willoughby, and W.A. Banks. Animal-assisted therapy and loneliness 60 in nursing homes: Use of robotic vs living dogs. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 9:173-7, 2008. PMID: 18294600 352. Nonaka, N., S.A. Farr, H. Kageyama, S. Shioda, and W.A. Banks. Delivery of galanin like peptide to the brain: Targeting with intranasal delivery and cyclodextrins. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 325:513-9, 2008. PMID: 18270319 353. Banks, W.A., S. Dohgu, J.L. Lynch, M.A. Fleegal-DeMotta, M.A. Erickson, R. Nakaoke, and T.Q. Vo. Nitric oxide isoenzymes regulate lipopolysaccharide-enhanced insulin transport across the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology 149:1514:1523, 2008. PMID: 18187549 PMC2276709 354. Festuccia, W.T., S. Oztezcan, M. Laplante, M. Berthiaume, C. Michel, S. Dohgu, R.G. Denis, M.N. Brito, N.A. Brito, D.S. Miller, W.A. Banks, T.J. Bartness, D. Richard, and Y. Deshaies. Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-gamma-mediated positive energy balance in the rat is associated with reduced sympathetic drive to adipose tissues and thyroid status. Endocrinology 149:2121-2130, 2008. PMID: 18278698 355. Farr, S.A., K.A. Yamada, D.A. Butterfield, H.M. Abdul, L. Xu, N.E. Miller, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia produce cognitive impairment. Endocrinology 149: 2628-36, 2008. PMID: 18276751 PMC2329289 356. Dohgu, S . and W.A. Banks. Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced transcellular transport of HIV-1 across the blood-brain barrier is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Experimental Neurology 210: 740-9, 2008, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.028 PMID:18295207 PMC2385783 357. Yi, X., E. Batrakova, W.A. Banks, S. Vinogradov, and A.V. Kabanov. Protein conjugation with amphiphilic block copolymers for enhanced cellular delivery. Bioconjug. Chem. 19: 1071-7, 2008. PMID: 18447367 PMC2570949 358. Banks, W.A. Editorial: The blood-brain barrier as a cause of disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design 14: 1553-1554, 2008. PMID:18673196 359. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier as a cause of obesity. Current Pharmaceutical Design 14: 1606-1614, 2008. PMID: 18673202 360. Urayama, A and W.A. Banks. Starvation and triglycerides reverse the obesity-induced impairment of insulin transport at the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology 149:3592-97, 2008. DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0008. PMID:18403490 PMC2453080 361. Urayama, A., J.H. Grubb, W.S. Sly, and W.A. Banks. Mannose 6-phosphate-receptor mediated transport of sulfamidase across the blood-brain barrier in the newborn mouse. Molecular Therapy. 16: 1261-1266, 2008. PMID: 18443601 61 362. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier: Connecting the gut and the brain. Regulatory Peptides. 149:11-14, 2008. PMID: 18486244 PMC2553040 363. Banks, W.A. The Blood-Brain Barriers: Structure and Function. In: Neuroimmune Pharmacology. T. Ikezu and H.E. Gendelman (Eds.), Springer, New York, pp21-38, 2008. 364. Banks, W.A. Blood-brain barrier transport of cytokines. In: Neuroimmune Biology, Vol 6, Cytokines and the Brain. C. Phelps and E. Korneva (Volume Eds.), I. Berczi and A. Szentivanyi (Editors in Chief), Elsevier, Amersterdam, pp93-107, 2008. 365. Petursdottir, A.L. S.A. Farr, J.E. Morley, W.A. Banks, and G.V. Skuladottir. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain lipid fatty acid composition, learning ability, and memory in the senescence-accelerated mouse. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences 11:1153-60, 2008. PMID: 19038829 366. Banks, W.A., J.L. Lynch, and T.O. Price. Cytokines and the blood-brain barrier. In: The Neuroimmunological Basis of Behavior and Mental Disorders. Allan Siegel and Steven S. Zalcman (eds). Springer, New York, pp3-17, 2008. DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-84851-8_1 367. Lynch, J.L. and W.A. Banks. Opiate modulation of IL-1alpha, IL-2, and TNF-alpha transport across the blood-brain barrier. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity. 22: 1096-1102, 2008. DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.04.004; PMID:18502094 368. Banks, W.A. Delivery of Peptides to the Brain: Emphasis on Therapeutic Development. Biopolymers: Peptide Science 90: 589-594, 2008. DOI 10.1002/bip.20980 PMID: 18335425 369. Banks, W.A. Developing drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier: Applications to Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Neuroscience 9 (Suppl 3):S2, p1-4, 2008 DOI:10.1186/1471-9-S3-S2; PMID: 19090999 PMC2604887 370. Banks, W.A., B.O. Burney, S.M. Robinson. Effects of Triglycerides, Obesity, and Starvation on Ghrelin Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Peptides 29: 2061- 2065, 2008. PMID: 18682266 PMC2586070 371. Dogrukol-Ak, D., V.B. Kumar, J.S. Ryerse, S.A. Farr, S. Verma, N. Nonaka, T. Nakamachi, H. Ohtaki, M.L. Niehoff, J.C. Edward, S. Shioda, J.E. Morley, W.A. Banks. Delivery of the neuroprotectant pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide to brain: Identification and inhibition of its brain-to-blood efflux transporter. J Cereb Blood Flow and Metab 29:411-22, 2009. PMID: 19002200 62 372. Banks, W.A., J.E. Morley, M.L. Niehoff, and C. Mattern. Delivery of testosterone to the brain by intranasal administration: Comparison to intravenous testosterone. Journal of Drug Targeting 17: 91-7, 2009. PMID: 19089688 373. Kumar, V.B., M. Franko, W.A. Banks, P. Kasinadhuni, S.A. Farr, K. Vyas, V. Choudhuri, J.E. Morley. Increase in presenilin 1 (PS1) levels in senescence accelerated mice (SAMP8) may indirectly impair memory by affecting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. J Expt Biol. 212: 494-8, 2009. PMID: 19181896 374. Fleegal-DeMotta, M., S. Dohgu, W.A. Banks. Angiotensin II modulates BBB permeability via activation of the AT1 receptor in brain endothelial cells. J. Cereb. Blood Flow and Metab. 29: 640-7, 2009. PMID 19127280 375. Hawkins P.M., P.A. Jellis, N. Nonaka, X. Shi, W.A. Banks. Permeability of the bloodbrain barrier to a rhenacarborane. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 329: 608-614, 2009. PMID 19179541 PMC2672864 376. Banks, W.A., S.M. Robinson, R. Diaz-Espinoza, A. Urayama, C. Soto. Transport of prion protein across the blood-brain barrier. Experimental Neurology. 218: 162-7, 2009. PMID: 19422824 PMC2806677 377. Jaeger, L.B., S. Dohgu, R. Sultana, J.L. Lynch, J.L. Owen, M.A. Erickson, G.N. Shah, T.O. Price, M.A. Fleegal-Demotta, D.A. Butterfield, and W.A. Banks. Lipopolysaccharide alters the blood-brain barrier transport of amyloid beta protein: A mechanism for inflammation in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 23:507-17, 2009. PMC2783557 378. Zhang, X., A. Banerjee, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal. N-Acetylcysteine amide protects against methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in immortalized human brain endothelial cells. Brain Res. 1275: 87-95, 2009. PMID 19374890 PMC2702674 379. Salkeni, M.A., J.L. Lynch, T.O. Price, W.A. Banks. Lipopolysaccharide impairs blood brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in mice through prostaglandin- and nitric oxide independent pathways. J Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 4: 276-282, 2009. PMID 19039663 PMC2802264 380. Elinav, E., L. Niv-Spector, M. Katz, T.O. Price, M. Ali, M. Yacobovitz, G. Solomon, S. Reicher, J. L. Lynch, Z. Halpern, W.A. Banks, A. Gertler. Pegylated leptin antagonist is a potent orexigenic agent: Preparation and mechanism of activity. Endocrinology 150: 3083-3091, 2009. PMID: 19342450 PMC2703547 381. Banks, W.A.. Characteristics of compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier. Biomed Central Neurology. 9: Supplement 1:S3, 2009. PMID: 19534732 PMC2697631 63 382. Jaeger, L.B., S. Dohgu, M.C. Hwang, S.A. Farr, M.P. Murphy, M.A. Fleegal-DeMotta, J. L. Lynch, S.M. Robinson, M.L. Niehoff, S.N. Johnson, V.B. Kumar, W.A. Banks. Testing the neurovascular hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: LRP-1 antisense reduces blood-brain barrier clearance, increases brain levels of amyloid beta protein, and impairs cognition. J Alzheimer’s Disease. 17:553-570, 2009. PMID: 19433890 PMC2802833 383. Cheng, F., P.J. McLaughlin, W.A. Banks, I. S. Zagon. Passive diffusion of naltrexone into human and animal cells and upregulation of cell proliferation. Am J Physiol: Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R844-52, 2009. PMID: 19605761 384. Vergote,V., S. Van Dorpe, M. Verbeken, C. Burvenich, C. Van de Wiele, W.A. Banks, B. De Spiegeleer. Development of peptide receptor binding assays: Methods to avoid false negatives. Regulatory Peptides 158: 97-102, 2009. PMID: 19706310 385. Ali, A.K., W.A. Banks, V.B. Kumar, G.N. Shah, J.L. Lynch, S.A. Farr, M.A. Fleegel- DeMotta, and J.E. Morley. Nitric oxide activity and isoenzyme expression in the senescence-accelerated mouse P8 model of Alzheimer’s disease: Effects of anti-amyloid and antisense treatment. J Gerontology: Biol Sci 64: 1025-30, 2009. PMID: 19531769 DOI: 10.1039/gerona/glp074 386. Banks, W.A., M.A. Erickson. The blood-brain barrier and immune function and dysfunction. Neurobiology of Disease 37: 26-32, 2010. PMID: 19664708 387. Banks, W.A. and S.M. Robinson. Minimal penetration of lipopolysaccharide across the murine blood-brain barrier. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 24: 102-109, 2010. PMID: 19735725 PMC2789209 388. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier as a regulatory interface. In: Frontiers in Eating and Weight Regulation. W. Langhans and N. Geary (Eds.) S. Karger AG, Basel, Switzerland. Forum Nutrition 63: 102-110, 2010. 389. Sultana, R., W.A. Banks, D.A. Butterfield. Decreased levels of PSD95 and two associated proteins and increased levels of BCl2 and Caspase 3 in hippocampus from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Insights into their potential roles for loss of synapses and memory, accumulation of aß, and neurodegeneration in a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Res.88: 469-77. 2010. PMID: 19774677. 390. Banks, W.A. Immunotherapy and neuroimmunology in Alzheimer’s disease: A perspective from the blood-brain barrier. Immunotherapy 2: 1-3, 2010 391. Banks, W.A. Gut-brain communications: Not the same at all ages. (News and Views). Endocrinology 151: 852-4, 2010. 392. Price, T.O., S.A. Farr, X. Yi, S. Vinogradov, E.V. Batrakova, W.A. Banks, A.V. 64 Kabanov. Transport across the blood-brain barrier of pluronic leptin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 333: 253-63, 2010. PMFID 20053933 393. Banerjee, A., X. Zhang, K. Reddy, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal. HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: Potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine amide. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48: 1388-98, 2010. 394. Peter, JC, AC Lecourt, M Weckering, G. ZipFfel, ML Niehoff, WA Banks, KG Hofbauer. A pharmacologically active monoclonal antibody against the human melanocortin-4 receptor: effectiveness after peripheral and central administration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 333: 478-90, 2010. PMID 20118207 395. Morley, J.E., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, S.N. Johnson, K.A. Yamada, L. Xu. A physiological role for amyloid-beta protein: Enhancement of learning and memory. J. Alzheimer’s Disease. 19: 441-449, 2010. PMID: 19749407 396. Ducharme, N., W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, S.M. Robinson, M.L. Niehoff, C. Mattern, S.A. Farr. Brain distribution and behavioral effects of progesterone and pregnenolone after intranasal or intravenous administration. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 641: 128-134, 2010. 397. Morley, J.E. and W.A. Banks. Lipids and cognition. J. Alzheimer’s Disease. 20: 737- 747, 2010. 398. Threlkeld, S.W., J.L. Lynch, K.M. Lynch, G. Sadowska, W.A. Banks, B.S. Stonestreet. Ovine pro-inflammatory cytokines cross the murine blood-brain barrier by a common saturable transport mechanism. Neuroimmunomodulation 17: 405-410, 2010. 399. Haren, M.T., T.K. Malmstrom, D.K. Miller, P. Patrick, H.M. Perry 3rd, M.M. Herning, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley. Higher C-reactive protein and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor levels are associated with poor physical function and disability: A crosssectional analysis of a cohort of late middle-aged African Americans. J. Gerontology A: Medical Sciences 65: 274-81, 2010. PMID: 19812256 PMC 2822280 400. Cheng, F., P.J. McLaughlin, W.A. Banks, I.S. Zagon. Internalization of the opioid growth factor [Met5]-enkephalin, is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis for downregulation of cell proliferation. Am. J. Physiol.: Reg. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 299: R774-85, 2010. 401. Banks, W.A. Mouse models of neurological disorders: A view from the blood-brain barrier. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1802: 881-888, 2010. 402. Banks, W.A., J.E. Morley, J.L. Lynch, K.M. Lynch, A.D. Mooradian. Insulin detemir is not transported across the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 31:2284-8, 2010. 65 403. Banks, W.A., J.E. Morley, S.A. Farr, T.O. Price, N. Ercal, I. Vidaurre, A.V. Schally. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist on telomerase activity, oxidative stress, longevity, and aging in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 22272- 22277, 2010. 404. Owens, J.B., R. Sultana, C.D. Aluise, M.A. Erickson, T.O. Price, G. Bu, W.A. Banks, D.A. Butterfield. Oxidative modification to LDL-related protein 1 (LRP1) in hippocampus from subjects with Alzheimer’s disease: Implications of A? accumulation in AD brain. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 49:1798-803, 2010. 405. Banks, W.A., V.B. Kumar, S.A. Farr, R. Nakaoke, S.M. Robinson, J.E. Morley. Impairments in brain-to-blood transport of amyloid-beta and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease are reversed by antisense directed against amyloid-beta protein precursor. J. Alzheimer’s Disease 23: 599-605, 2011. 406. Haren, M.T., A.M. Siddiqui, H.J. Armbrecht, R.T. Kevorkian, M.J. Kim, M.J. Haas, A. Mazza, V.B. Kumar, M. Green, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley. Testosterone modulates gene expression pathways regulating nutrient accumulation, glucose metabolism, and protein turnover in mouse skeletal muscle. Int. J. Androl 34: 55-68, 2011. 407. Morley, J.E., S.A. Farr, R.L. Sell, S.M. Hileman, and W.A. Banks Nitric oxide is a central component in neuropeptide regulation of appetite. Peptides 32: 776-780, 2011. 408. Sandoval, K.E., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, M.L. Niehoff, A.M. Crider, and K.A. Witt. Chronic peripheral administration of somatostatin receptor subtype-4 agonist NNC 26- 9100 enhances learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol 654: 53-59, 2011. 409. Manda, K.R., A. Banerjee, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. Highly active antiretroviral Therapy drug combination induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Immortalized human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 50: 801-810, 2011. 410. Urayama A., R. Morales, M.L. Niehoff, W.A. Banks, and C. Soto. Initial fate of prions upon peripheral infection: half-life, distribution, clearance, and tissue uptake. FASEB J. 25:2792-2803, 2011. 411. Banks, W.A. Extra-hypothalamic effects of leptin: A therapeutic for depression and dementia? Endocrinology (News and Views) 152: 2539-2541, 2011. 412. Nicolazzo, J.A. and W.A. Banks. Editorial: Decreased blood-brain barrier expression of P glycoprotein in Alzheimer’s disease: impact on pathogenesis and brain access of therapeutic agents. Therapeutic Delivery 2: 841-844, 2011. 66 413. Banks, W.A. Measurement of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide antisense transport across the blood-brain barrier. Methods in Molecular Biology, Neuropeptides: Methods and Protocols. 789:337-42, 2011. 414. Erickson, M.A. and W.A. Banks. Cytokine and chemokine responses in serum and brain after single and repeated injections of lipopolysaccharide: Multiplex quantification with path analysis. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 25: 1637-48, 2011. 415. Banks, W.A., A. Gertler, G. Solomon, L. Niv-Spector, M. Yacobovitz, X. Yi, E. Batrakova, S. Vinogradov, and A.V. Kabanov. Principles of strategic drug delivery to the brain (SDDB): Development of anorectic and orexigenic analogs of leptin. Physiol. Behav. 105: 145-9, 2011. 416. Kovac, A., M.A. Erickson, and W.A. Banks. Brain microvascular pericytes are immunoactive in culture: cytokine, chemokine, nitric oxide, and LRP-1 expression in response to lipopolysaccharide. J. Neuroinflammation 8: 139, 2011. 417. Dohgu, S., M.A. Fleegal-DeMotta, and W.A. Banks. Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced transcellular transport of HIV-1 across the blood-brain barrier is mediated by luminal microvessel IL-6 and GM-CSF. J. Neuroinflammation 8: 167, 2011. 418. Chen, X., S.W. Threlkeld, E.E. Cummings, I. Juan, O. Makeyev, W.G. Besio, J. Gaitanis, W.A. Banks, G.B. Sadowska, and B.S. Stonestreet. Ischemia-reperfusion impairs blood brain barrier function and alters tight junction protein expression in the ovine fetus. Neuroscience 226: 89-110, 2012. 419. Price, T.O., V. Eranki, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal, and G.N. Shah. Topiramate treatment protects blood-brain barrier pericytes from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in diabetic mice. Endocrinology 153: 362-72, 2012. 420. Erickson, M.A., K. Dohi, and Banks, W.A. Neuroinflammation: A common pathway in CNS diseases as mediated at the blood-brain barrier. NeuroImmunoModulation 19: 121-130, 2012. 421. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier: Structure and function. In: The Neurology of AIDS 3rd Edition. H.E. Gendelman, (eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, p189-206, 2012. 422. Farr, S.A., T.O. Price, L.J. Dominguez, A. Motisi, F. Saiano, M.L. Niehoff, J.E. Morley, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal, and M. Barbagallo. Extra virgin olive oil improves learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. J. Alzheimer’s Disease 28: 81-92, 2012. 423. Erickson, M.A. and W.A. Banks. Peripheral administration of antisense oligonucleotides 67 targeting the amyloid-beta protein precursor reverses ABetaPP and LRP-1 overexpression in the aged SAMP8 mouse brain. J. Alzheimer’s Disease 28: 951-960, 2012. 424. Banks, W.A. Drug delivery to the brain in Alzheimer’s disease: Considerations of the blood-brain barrier. Advances in Drug Delivery Reviews 64: 629-639, 2012. 425. Sandoval, K.E., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, A.M. Crider, J.E. Morley, and K.A.Witt. Somatostatin receptor subtype-4 agonist NNC 26-9100 decreases extracellular and intracellular Abeta1-42 trimers. European J Pharmacol. 683:116-124, 2012. 426. Mayo, J.N., R.S. Beard Jr, T.O. Price, C.-H. Chen, M.A. Erickson, N. Ercal, W.A. Banks, and S.E. Bearden. Nitrative stress in cerebral endothelium is mediated by mGluR5 in hyperhomocysteinemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow and Metab. 32: 825-834, 2012. 427. Banks, W.A. Drug transport into the central nervous system: Using newer findings about the blood-brain barriers. Drug Delivery and Translational Research 2:152-159, 2012. 428. Dohgu, S., J.S. Ryerse, S.M. Robinson, and W.A. Banks. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 uses the mannose-6-phosphate receptor to cross the blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 7: e39565, 2012. 429. Nonaka, N., S.A. Farr, T. Nakamachi, J.E. Morley, M. Nakamura, S. Shioda, and W.A. Banks. Intranasal administration of PACAP: Uptake by brain and regional brain targeting with cyclodextrins. Peptides 36: 168-175, 2012. 430. Patel, A., Y. Zhu, E.V. Kuzhikandathil, W.A. Banks, A. Siegel, and S.S. Zalcman. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor induces motor stereotypies and co-localizes with Gp130 in regions linked to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Plos One 7: e41623, 2012. 431. Erickson, M.A., P.E. Hartvigson, Y. Morofuji, J.B. Owen, D.A. Butterfield, and W.A. Banks. Lipopolysaccharide impairs amyloid beta efflux from brain: altered vascular sequestration, cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption, peripheral clearance and transport function at the blood-brain barrier. J. Neuroinflammation 9: 150, 2012. 432. Banks, W.A. Role of the Blood-brain Barrier in the Evolution of Feeding and Cognition. New York Academy of Sciences, 1264:13-19, 2012. 433. Banks, W.A., J.B. Owen, and M.A. Erickson. Insulin in the brain: There and back again. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 136: 82-93, 2012. 434. Banks, W.A. Brain meets body: The blood-brain barrier as an endocrine interface. Endocrinology 153: 4111-4119, 2012. 68 435. Erickson, M.A., K. Hansen, and W.A. Banks. Inflammation-induced dysfunction of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 at the blood-brain barrier: Protection by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 26: 1085-1094, 2012. 436. Banks, W.A., M.L. Niehoff, N.M. Ponzio, M.A. Erickson, and S. S. Zalcman. Pharmacokinetic and modeling of immune cell trafficking: quantifying differential influences of target tissues versus lymphocytes in SJL and Lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. J. Neuroinflammation 9: 231, 2012. 437. Farr, S.A., T.O. Price, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal, and J.E. Morley. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on memory, oxidation, and lifespan in SAMP8 mice. J. of Alzheimer’s Disease, 32: 447- 455, 2012. 438. Harati, R., A.S. Villegier, W.A. Banks, and A. Mabondzo. Susceptibility of juvenile and adult blood-brain barrier to endothelin-1: regulation of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein expression and transport activity. J. Neuroinflammation 9:273, 2012. 439. Vasselli, J.R., P.J. Scarpace, R.B. Harris, and W.A. Banks. Dietary components in the development of leptin resistance. Adv. Nutr. 4: 164-175, 2013. 440. Tong, J., X. Yi, R. Luxenhofer, W.A. Banks, R. Jordan, M.C. Zimmerman, and A.V. Kabanov. Conjugates of super oxide dismutase 1 with amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers for enhanced brain delivery: synthesis, characterization and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Pharm. 10: 360-377, 2013. 441. Peter, J.C., H. Rossez, M. Weckering, G. Zipfel, A.C. Lecourt, J.B. Owen, W.A. Banks, and K.G. Hofbauer. Protective effects of an anti-melanocortin-4 receptor scFv derivative in lipopolysaccharide-induced cachexia in rats. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 4: 79-88, 2013. 442. Banks, W.A. Chapter 227. Diseases mediated by the BBB: Alzheimer’s, obesity, and beyond. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides 2nd Edition. A.J. Kastin (ed). Academic Press, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p1667-1671, 2013. 443. Banks, W.A., Ch 229. Ingestive Peptides. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides 2nd Edition. A.J. Kastin (ed). Academic Press, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p1677-1681, 2013. 444. Tobwala, S., X. Zhang, Y. Zheng, H.-J. Wang, W.A. Banks, and N. Ercal. Disruption of the integrity and function of brain microvascular endothelial cells in culture by exposure to diesel engine exhaust particles. Toxicology Letters 220: 1-7, 2013. 445. Shah, G.N., T.O. Price, W.A. Banks, Y. Morofuji, A. Kovac, N. Ercal, C.M. Sorenson, E.S. Shin, N. Sheibani. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases protects mouse cerebral pericytes from high glucose-induced oxidative stress and 69 apoptosis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 344: 637-645, 2013. 446. Rhodehouse, B.C., M.A. Erickson, W.A. Banks, S.E. Bearden. Hyperhomocysteinemic mice show cognitive impairment without features of Alzheimer’s disease phenotype. J. Alzheimer’s Disease 35: 59-66, 2013. 447. Sandoval, K.E., S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, A.M. Crider, J.E. Morley, K.A. Witt. Somatostatin receptor subtype-4 agonist NNC 26-9100 mitigates the effect of soluble Abeta42 oligomers via a metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism. Brain Res. 1520: 145 156, 2013. 448. Banks, W.A. Artificial emotions: robots caring for the elderly. J. Am. Dir. Assoc. 14: 635-6, 2013. 449. Dohgu, S. and W.A. Banks. Brain pericytes increase the lipopolysaccharide-enhanced transcytosis of HIV-1 free virus across the in vitro blood-brain barrier: evidence for cytokine-mediated pericyte-endothelial cell crosstalk. Fluids Barriers CNS 10: 23, 2013. 450. Erickson, M.A. and W.A. Banks. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction as a cause and consequence of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 33:1500-13, 2013. 451. Shah, G.N., Y. Morofuji, W.A. Banks, T.O. Price. High glucose-induced mitochondrial resistance and reactive oxygen species in mouse cerebral pericytes is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase: implications for cerebral microvascular diseases in diabetes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 440: 354- 358, 2013. 452. Hayden, M.R., W.A. Banks, G.N. Shah, Z. Gu, J.R. Sowers. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and diabetic cognopathy. Cardiorenal Med 3: 265-282, 2013. 453. Armbrecht, H.J., A.M. Siddiqui, M. Green, S.A. Farr, V.B. Kumar, W.A. Banks, P. Patrick, G.N. Shah, and J.E. Morley. SAMP8 mice have altered hippocampal gene expression in long term potentiation, phosphotidylinositol signaling, and endocytosis pathways. Neurobiol. Aging 35: 159-68, 2014. 454. Yi, X., D. Yuan, S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, C.-D. Poon, and A.V. Kabanov. Pluronic modified leptin with increased systemic circulation, brain uptake and efficacy for treatment of obesity. J Control. Release 191: 34-46, 2014. 455. Calias, P., W.A. Banks, D. Begley, M. Scarpa, P. Dickson. Intrathecal delivery of protein therapeutics to the brain: A critical reassessment. Pharmacol. Ther. 144:114-122, 2014. 456. Banks, W.A. Control and contribution of the blood-brain barrier to cytokine levels in the CNS. In: The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology, A.W. Kusnecov 70 and H. Anisman (eds.), Wiley-Blackwell, 88-98, 2014. 457. Dohi, K., B.C. Kraemer, M.A. Erickson, P.J. McMillan, A. Kovac, Z. Flachbartova, K.M. Hansen, G.N. Shah, N. Sheibani, T. Salameh, W.A. Banks. Molecular hydrogen in drinking water protects against neurodegenerative changes induced by traumatic brain injury. PLOS One 9: e108034, 2014. 458. Salameh, T.S. and W.A. Banks. Delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins to the CNS. In: Pharmacology of the Blood Brain Barrier: Targeting CNS Disorders. Editor: T.P. Davis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp277-299, 2014. 459. Tobwala, S. H.-J. Wang, J.W. Carey, W.A. Banks, N. Ercal. Effects of lead and cadmium on brain endothelial cell survival, monolayer permeability, and crucial oxidative stress markers in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Toxics 2: 258- 275, 2014. 460. Farr, S.A., M.A. Erickson, M.L. Niehoff, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley. Central and peripheral administration of antisense oligonucleotide targeting amyloid precursor protein improves learning and memory and reduces neuroinflammatory cytokines in T62576 (APPswe) Mice. J Alzheimer’s Disease. 40: 1005-1016, 2014. 461. Erickson, M.A., Y Morofuji, J.B. Owen, W.A. Banks. Rapid transport of CCL11 across the blood-brain barrier: regional variation and importance of blood cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 349: 497-507, 2014. 462. Falcone, J.A., T.S. Salameh, X. Yi, B.J. Cordy, W.G. Mortell, A.V. Kabanov, W.A. Banks. Intranasal administration as a route for drug delivery to the brain: Evidence for a unique pathway for albumin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 351: 54-60, 2014. 463. Shi, M. C.. Liu, T.J. Cook, K.M. Bullock, Y. Zhao, C. Ginghina, Y. Li, P. Aro, R. Dator, C. He, M.J. Hipp, C.P. Zabetian, E.R. Peskind, S.C. Hu, J.F. Quinn, D.R. Galasko, W.A. Banks, J. Zhang. Plasma exosomal alpha-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol.128: 639-650, 2014. 464. Sui, Y.-T., K.M. Bullock, M.A. Erickson, J. Zhang, W.A. Banks. Alpha synuclein is transported into and out of the brain by the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 62:197-202, 2014. 465. Banks, W.A., C.K. Abrass, K.M. Hansen. Differentiating influences of aging and adiposity on brain weights, levels of serum and brain cytokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and amyloid precursor peptide. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. epub 2014; 71:21-29, 2016. 466. Banks, W.A. The blood-brain barrier in neuroimmunology: Tales of separation and 71 assimilation. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 44:1-8, 2015. 467. Chen, X., G.B. Sadowska, J. Zhang, J.-E. Kim, E.E. Cummings, C.A. Bodge, Y.-P. Lim, O. Makeyev, W.G. Besio, J. Gaitanis, S.W. Threlkeld, W.A. Banks, B.S. Stonestreet. Neutralizing anti-interleukin-1 beta antibodies modulate fetal blood-brain barrier function after ischemia. Neurobiology of Disease 73: 118-129, 2015. 468. Hanson, A.J., S. Craft, W.A. Banks. The APOE genotype: Modification of therapeutic responses in Alzheimer’s disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design 21: 114-120, 2015. 469. Hong, S. and W.A. Banks. Role of the immune systemin HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 45:1-12, 2015. 470. Zhang, J., G.B. Sadowska, X. Chen, S.Y. Park, J.E. Kim, C.A. Bodge, E. Cummings, Y.P. Lim, O. Makeyev, W.G. Besio, J. Gaitanis, W.A. Banks, B.S. Stonestreet. Anti-IL 6 neutralizing antibody modulates blood-brain barrier function in the ovine fetus. FASEB J 29: 1739-53, 2015. 471. Meredith, M.E. T.S. Salameh, W.A. Banks. Intranasal delivery of proteins and peptides in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. AAPS J. 17: 780-7, 2015. 472. Sadowska, G., X. Chen, J. Zhang, E. Cummings, O. Makeyev, W. Besio, J. Gaitanis, J. Padbury, W.A. Banks, B. Stonestreet. Interleukin-1 beta transfer across the blood-brain barrier in the ovine fetus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35: 1388-95, 2015. 473. Banks, W.A. A vagina monologue: Mom’s stress, bugs, and baby’s brain. Endocrinology 156: 3066-8, 2015. 474. Armbrecht, H.J., A.M. Siddiqui, M. Green, S.A. Farr, V.B. Kumar, W.A. Banks, P. Patrick, G. N. Shah, and J.E. Morley. Antisense against amyloid-beta protein precursor reverses memory deficits and alters gene expression in neurotropic and insulin-signaling pathways in SAMP8 mice. J Alzheimer’s Disease 46: 535-548, 2015. 475. Salameh, T.S., K.M. Bullock, I.A. Hujoel, M.L. Niehoff, T. Wolden-Hanson, J. Kim, J.E. Morley, S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks. Central nervous system delivery of intranasal insulin: mechanisms of uptake and effects on cognition. J Alzheimer’s Disease 47: 715-728, 2015. 476. Patrick, P., T.O. Price, A.L. Diogo, N. Sheibani, W.A. Banks, G.N. Shah. Topiramate protects pericytes from glucotoxicity: Role for mitochondrial CA VA in cerebromicrovascular disease in diabetes. Journal Endocrinology and Diabetes 2: 1-7, 2015. 477. Thielke, S., C. G. Slatore, W.A. Banks. Association between Alzheimer dementia 72 mortality rate and altitude in California counties. JAMA Psychiatry 72: 1253-1254. 478. Opp, M.R., A. George, K.M. Ringgold, K.M. Hansen, Kristin M. Bullock, W.A. Banks. Sleep fragmentation and sepsis differentially impact blood-brain barrier integrity and transport of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in aging. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 50: 259-265, 2015. 479. Urayama, A., S. Dohgu, S.M. Robinson, W.S. Sly, J.H. Grubb, and W.A. Banks. Alpha adrenergic induction of transport of lysosomal enzyme across the blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 10: e0142347, 2015. 480. Banks, W.A., A.M. Gray, M.E. Erickson, T.S. Salameh, M. Damodarasamy, N. Sheibani, J.S. Meabon, E.E. Wing, Y. Morofuji, D.G. Cook, and M.J. Reed. Lipopolysaccharideinduced blood-brain barrier disruption: roles of cyclooxygenase, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and elements of the neurovascular unit. J. Neuroinflammation 12: 223, 2015. 481. Banks, W.A. Peptides and the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 72: 16-19, 2015. 482. Banks, W.A., K. Dohi, K. Hansen, and H.J. Thompson. Assessing blood granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as a potential biomarker of acute traumatic brain injury in mice and humans. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity 52: 81-87, 2016. 483. Wong, S.Y., M.G.K. Tan, W.A. Banks, W.S.F. Wong, P.T.-H. Wong, and M.K.P. Lau. Andrographolide attenuates LPS-stimulated up-regulation of C-C and C-X-C motif chemokines in rodent cortex and primary astrocytes. J. Neuroinflamm. 13, 34, 2016. 484. Brown, R.S.E., A.K. Wyatt, R.E. Herbison, P.J. Knowles, S.R. Ladyman, N. Binart, W.A. Banks, D.R. Grattan. Prolactin transport into the bain of mice is independent of the prolactin receptor. FASEB 30:1002-1010, 2016. 485. Huber, B.R., J.S. Meabon, Z.S. Hoffer, J. Zhang, J.G. Hoekstra, K.F. Pagulayan, P.J. McMillan, W.A. Banks, B.C. Kraemer, M.A. Raskind, D.B. McGavern, E.R. Peskind, D.G. Cook. Blast exposure causes dynamic microglial/macrophage responses and microdomains of brain microvessel dysfunction. Neuroscience 19:206-220, 2016. 486. Banks, W.A. From blood-brain barrier to blood-brain interface: New opportunities for CNS drug delivery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (invited review) 15: 275-292, 2016. 487. Urayama, A., J.H. Grubb, W.S. Sly, and W.A. Banks. Pharmacologic manipulation of lysosomal enzyme transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:476-486, 2016. 488. Hanson, A.J., W.A. Banks, H.H. Saucedo, and S. Craft. Apolipoprotein E genotype and 73 sex influence glucose tolerance in older adults: A cross sectional study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 6:78-89, 2016. In Press Del Razo, M.J., Y. Morofuji, J.S. Meabon, B.R. Huber, E.R. Peskind, S.A. Banks, P. Mourad, R.J. Leveque, D.G. Cook. Computational and in vitro studies of blast-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics: Journal on Scientific Computing. Shi, M., A. Kovac, A. Korff, D.J. Cook, C. Ginghina, K.M. Bullock, L. Yang, D. Zheng, P. Aro, T. Stewart, D. Zheng, A. Atik, K.F. Kerr, C.P. Zabetian, E.R. Peskind, S.-C. Hu, J.F. Quinn, D.R. Galasko, T.J. Montine, W.A. Banks, and J. Zhang. CNS tau efflux via exosomes is likely increased in Parkinson disease but not Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia Matoba, Y., N. Nonaka, Y. Takagi, E. Imamura, M. Narukawa, T. Nakamachi, S. Shoida, W.A. Banks, M. Nakamura. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide enhances saliva secretion via direct binding to PACAP receptors of major salivary glands in mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken). Submitted Banks, W.A. Transport of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide across the bloodbrain barrier: Consequences for disease states and therapeutic effects Patra, A., X. Chen, G.B. Sadowska, J. Zhang, Y.-P. Lim, J.F. Padbury, W.A. Banks, B.S. Stonestreet. Cytokine neutralizing antibodies reduce ischemia-related cytokine transport across the fetal blood-brain barrier. Yuan, D. Y. Zhao, W.A. Banks, M. Haney, E. Batrakova, A.V. Kabanov. Macrophage exosomes as natural nanocarriers for neurotrophin delivery to inflamed brain. Green, S., A. Kaipainen, K. Bullock, A. Zhang, J. Lucas, C. Matson, W.A. Banks, E.A. Mostaghel. Role of OATP transporters in steroid uptake by prostate cancer cells in vivo. Werling, D., D. Reglodi, W.A. Banks, T.S. Salameh, K. Kovacs, T. Kvarik, A. Vaczy, L. Kovacs, F. Mayer, B. Danyadi, E. Lokos, A. Tamas, G. Toth, Z. Biro, T. Atlasz. A novel route of retinoprotective action of PACAP in ischemic retinopathy. 74 Jiang, Y., J. Fay, X. Yi, C.-D. Poon, Y. Zhao, K. Bullock, D. Manickam, W.A. Banks, A.V. Kabanov. Block ionomer complex nanoformulation stablizes brain derived neurotorphic factor and increases its delivery to the brain after intranasal administration. Mostaghel, E., A. Kaipainen, S. Green, A. Zhang, J. Lucas, C. Mattson, K. Bullock, W. Banks. Role of OATP transporters in steroid uptake by prostate cancer cells in vivo. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases

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