How Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposes: Water and Oxygen Sometimes people confuse molecular hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thinking they are somehow the same or can create hydrogen water. While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can indeed decompose, it typically separates into water and oxygen gas, not hydrogen gas. The decomposition reaction looks like this: 2H2O2 → 2H2O…
Introduction It’s almost impossible to have a conversation about ionized water without hearing the terms alkaline, alkalinity, or alkalized (also misspelled as “alkalyzed”). Distributors/marketers and sales agents will frequently use the phrase “the alkalinity of the water” when what they are really referring to is its higher pH. The Root of the Confusion One cannot look…
WATER CLUSTERS Physical chemists are well aware of water’s mysterious nature1 and the many different forms of water clusters2 due to hydrogen bonding.3 Very little about water clusters in bulk phase (i.e. water not at the surface or edges of another material) is understood.4 In fact, it is considered to be one of the unsolved problems in chemistry.5 These clusters…
SCIENCE FOR STABLE MICROCLUSTERS: THEY DO NOT EXIST There is no valid scientific evidence for the existence of these microclusters,1,2,3 but the myth continues to be propagated because there are seven main pseudo (false) evidences for it, which are used by companies and marketers to promote their products. What follows is a brief discussion of these…
PART 3. WHAT IF THEY EXISTED? CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES POINTS TO CONSIDER Part 2 of the topic explained how all the evidence used to support microclustering is invalid. Here are a couple common sense ideas that refute the microclustering myth without all the technical science. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ARE THE SAME If there really were a…
PART 4. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS & CONCLUSIONS. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES Lastly, the number of reasons why microclustered water would be bad for you outnumber those which people claim are reasons it is good for you. Here are just a few examples: So many things keep coming to me… Actually, the more I think about…
HYDROXIDE (OH–) CONFUSION There appears to be a lot of confusion about the hydroxide ion, i.e. OH–, (also incorrectly called just “hydroxyl”, which ironically is a free radical or even “hydroxyl water”) within the “ionized water community”. This is because numerous websites, marketers, sales pitches, explanations, etc. claim that hydroxides are antioxidants. 1,2 Recently, however, there are…
ROS PRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are biological products of metabolism that exert both positive and negative effects on the body. ROS include free radicals like the hydroxyl radical (OH·), superoxide anion radical (O2–), nitric oxide (NO·), etc.1 as well as other oxidants (e.g. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) singlet oxygen (1O2), etc.).2 The primary source of ROS formation…
DEFINITION & EXPLANATION Free Radicals, also known as electrically modified species, are atoms, molecules or ions that have an unpaired valence electron.1Because electrons like to “travel” in pairs or need a companion, if there is only one electron by itself on a chemical species, this will make this chemical entity very reactive and it will…
HISTORY One of the important parameters of water quality is the pH.1 A pH measurement reveals whether the solution is acidic, neutral, or alkaline. The chemistry of water has been discussed previously, which will help us understand what pH really is. In the most basic sense, pH refers to the negative logarithmic (log) measurement of the H+ion concentration in…