METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION There are a number of methods to consume molecular hydrogen gas (H2),1 including inhalation of H2,2 injection of H2-rich saline,3 dropping H2-rich saline into eyes,4 taking a bath in H2-rich water,5 increasing H2 production by intestinal bacteria,6topical application,7 oral ingestion of hydrogen producing tablets,7 and simply drinking H2-rich water.8 WHICH METHOD IS THE BEST? Each one of the following methods has a been…
Introduction It’s almost impossible to have a conversation about ionized water without hearing the terms alkaline, alkalinity, or alkalized (also misspelled as “alkalyzed”). Distributors/marketers and sales agents will frequently use the phrase “the alkalinity of the water” when what they are really referring to is its higher pH. The Root of the Confusion One cannot look…
WATER CLUSTERS Physical chemists are well aware of water’s mysterious nature1 and the many different forms of water clusters2 due to hydrogen bonding.3 Very little about water clusters in bulk phase (i.e. water not at the surface or edges of another material) is understood.4 In fact, it is considered to be one of the unsolved problems in chemistry.5 These clusters…
SCIENCE FOR STABLE MICROCLUSTERS: THEY DO NOT EXIST There is no valid scientific evidence for the existence of these microclusters,1,2,3 but the myth continues to be propagated because there are seven main pseudo (false) evidences for it, which are used by companies and marketers to promote their products. What follows is a brief discussion of these…
PART 3. WHAT IF THEY EXISTED? CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES POINTS TO CONSIDER Part 2 of the topic explained how all the evidence used to support microclustering is invalid. Here are a couple common sense ideas that refute the microclustering myth without all the technical science. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ARE THE SAME If there really were a…
INTRODUCTION Molecular hydrogen (i.e. H2 gas) is gaining significant attention from academic researchers, medical doctors, and physicians around the world for its recently reported therapeutic potential[1]. One of the earliest publications on hydrogen as a medical gas was in 1975, by Dole and colleagues from Baylor University and Texas A&M[2]. They reported in the journal Science that hyperbaric (8…
What Is “ppm”? The ppm is an acronym for “parts per million”, a unit of measure that describes how much of one substance (called the “solute”) is dissolved in a sample of water (called the “solvent”). This is a measurement of concentration (or density), which can often be helpful in our daily lives. The ppm…
PART 4. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS & CONCLUSIONS. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES Lastly, the number of reasons why microclustered water would be bad for you outnumber those which people claim are reasons it is good for you. Here are just a few examples: So many things keep coming to me… Actually, the more I think about…
HYDROXIDE (OH–) CONFUSION There appears to be a lot of confusion about the hydroxide ion, i.e. OH–, (also incorrectly called just “hydroxyl”, which ironically is a free radical or even “hydroxyl water”) within the “ionized water community”. This is because numerous websites, marketers, sales pitches, explanations, etc. claim that hydroxides are antioxidants. 1,2 Recently, however, there are…
ROS PRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are biological products of metabolism that exert both positive and negative effects on the body. ROS include free radicals like the hydroxyl radical (OH·), superoxide anion radical (O2–), nitric oxide (NO·), etc.1 as well as other oxidants (e.g. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) singlet oxygen (1O2), etc.).2 The primary source of ROS formation…
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