MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 1 Facts, Claims And History)

MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 1 Facts, Claims And History)

WATER CLUSTERS Physical chemists are well aware of water’s mysterious nature1 and the many different forms of water clusters2 due to hydrogen bonding.3 Very little about water clusters in bulk phase (i.e. water not at the surface or edges of another material) is understood.4 In fact, it is considered to be one of the unsolved problems in chemistry.5  These clusters…

MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 2 The Evidence Is Invalid)

MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 2 The Evidence Is Invalid)

SCIENCE FOR STABLE MICROCLUSTERS: THEY DO NOT EXIST There is no valid scientific evidence for the existence of these microclusters,1,2,3 but the myth continues to be propagated because there are seven main pseudo (false) evidences for it, which are used by companies and marketers to promote their products. What follows is a brief discussion of these…

MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 3. What If They Existed? Chemical And Physiological Consequences)

MICROCLUSTERING: The Making Of A Myth (Part 3. What If They Existed? Chemical And Physiological Consequences)

PART 3. WHAT IF THEY EXISTED? CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES POINTS TO CONSIDER Part 2 of the topic explained how all the evidence used to support microclustering is invalid. Here are a couple common sense ideas that refute the microclustering myth without all the technical science. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ARE THE SAME If there really were a…

Bones

Bones

Li, J., et al., Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2017. 18(1): p. 58. Guo, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline prevents bone loss in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Int Orthop, 2017. 41(10): p. 2119-2128. Yamada, T., et al., Hydrogen supplementation of preservation solution improves…

Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous

Zhang, W., et al., Hydrogen alleviates cellular senescence via regulation of ROS/p53/p21 pathway in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018. 106: p. 1126-1134. Xu, F., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis by Reversing the Imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Up-Regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells, Interleukin-10, and Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-beta in Guinea…

Brain

Brain

Yuan, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich water attenuates oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury via Nrf2 pathway. J Surg Res, 2018. 228: p. 238-246. Wu, X., et al., Hydrogen exerts neuroprotective effects on OGD/R damaged neurons in rat hippocampal by protecting mitochondrial function via regulating mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. Brain Res, 2018. Wang, H.,…

Cancer

Cancer

Yang, Y., Y. Zhu, and X. Xi, Anti‑inflammatory and antitumor action of hydrogen via reactive oxygen species. Oncology Letters, 2018. 16(3): p. 2771-2776. Wang, D., et al., Hydrogen gas inhibits lung cancer progression through targeting SMC3. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018. 104: p. 788-797. Jiang, Y., et al., Therapeutic efficacy of hydrogenrich saline alone and in combination with PI3K…

Lung and Other Organs

Lung and Other Organs

Zhang, G., et al., The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Hydrogen on Lung Transplantation Model of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Cold Storage Period. Transplantation, 2018. 102(8): p. 1253-1261. Wu, D., et al., Hydrogen protects against hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells via activation of PI3K/Akt/Foxo3a signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018. 495(2): p. 1620-1627. Lu, W.,…

Liver

Liver

Li, H., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against small-scale liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci, 2018. 194: p. 7-14. Ishikawa, T., et al., Post-reperfusion hydrogen gas treatment ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in rat livers from donors after cardiac death: a preliminary study. Surg Today, 2018. Chen, M., et al., Hydrogen protects against liver injury…

Human Studies

Human Studies

Zhu, Q., et al., Positive effects of hydrogen-water bathing in patients of psoriasis and parapsoriasis en plaques. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 8051. Nishimaki, K., et al., Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2018. 15(5): p. 482-492. Nakayama, M., et al., Novel haemodialysis…