INTRODUCTION The concentration of hydrogen gas (H2) is often reported in molarity (moles/liter (M) or milimoles/L mM), parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) or miligrams per liter (mg/L). In dilute concentrations, 1 ppm is about the same as 1 mg/L and they are often used interchangeably. The molar mass of molecular hydrogen is…
WATER IMPORTANCE Water is the universal solvent;1 it can exist as a solid, liquid or gas.2 It is necessary for the functions of life3 and for life to function.4 Water is the life-giving fluid that is always at the heart of creation.5 Its presence supports life, and its absence brings death.6 Water in liquid state is the principle criteria for…
(Also published on the Foundation for Alternative and Integrative Medicine website, September 2018) Hydrogen gas (H2) has been extoled for its use in “green energy” as an alternative fuel, but biomedical research over the past decade suggests it also has therapeutic biological benefits. For example, the preliminary 1000+ preclinical and clinical studies have reported hydrogen to have…
What is Hydrogen? Hydrogen gas has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on over 150 human diseases,1 but what is Hydrogen? Hydrogen is the lightest and simplest element with the symbol H. It consists of only one electron and one proton and, under normal conditions, it exists primarily in its diatomic form as molecular hydrogen (H2 gas). It is…
HISTORY One of the important parameters of water quality is the pH.1 A pH measurement reveals whether the solution is acidic, neutral, or alkaline. The chemistry of water has been discussed previously, which will help us understand what pH really is. In the most basic sense, pH refers to the negative logarithmic (log) measurement of the H+ ion concentration…
OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL ORP BASICS* One of the characteristics of water containing dissolved molecular hydrogen (such as ionized water) is that it exhibits a negative oxidation-reduction potential (O.R.P.).1Chemical reactions occurring in an aqueous solution are called redox reactions.2 The ORP measures the capacity of a solution to either release or accept electrons from chemical reactions. The ORP value, much like pH,…
HALF-REACTIONS As explained previously, ORP is measured in volts and informs us of a solution’s oxidizing or reducing potential.1 An ORP probe measures the voltage difference between redox couples in accordance with their half reactions2 (see table 17.1 below). For example, the first redox couple fluorine (F2) is a strong oxidizing agent. If you measured the voltage difference between F2 and…
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